伦敦超低排放区与儿童肺功能生长：CHILL 研究
本文评述 Wood HE 等发表于 Lancet Public Health 2026 的 CHILL 研究。该研究为前瞻性平行队列自然实验，纳入伦敦 44 所学校和卢顿 40 所学校的儿童，评估伦敦超低排放区对儿童肺功能生长轨迹的影响。
要点
- 超低排放区属于减少交通相关空气污染的公共政策干预。
- 该研究以有无清洁空气区的两个地区学校儿童进行平行队列比较。
- 儿童肺功能生长轨迹是评价空气质量改善健康影响的关键指标。
核心结论
- 评述认为该研究为交通相关空气污染作为肺部疾病危险因素提供了自然实验证据。
研究设计与样本
- 研究采用前瞻性平行队列自然实验设计，评价伦敦超低排放区的影响。
- 研究纳入伦敦 44 所学校和卢顿 40 所学校，伦敦设有清洁空气区，卢顿无清洁空气区。
主要发现
- 该研究评估了超低排放区对儿童肺功能生长轨迹的影响。
- 研究比较伦敦与卢顿两地学校儿童的肺功能指标变化。
临床怎么用
- 可关注清洁空气区政策对儿童呼吸健康长期影响的证据。
- 临床评估儿童肺功能时可考虑居住地空气质量政策暴露差异。
以上解读依据论文摘要（全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载）。
原文
Several public health and safety initiatives have caused controversy, such as the 20 mile an hour speed limit and its real impact on the reduction of mortality and morbidity associated with road traffic accidents. The ultra-low emission zone (ULEZ) in London is another example. It was so good to see the paper by Wood HE et al ( Lancet Public Health 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2468-2667(26)00163-5) which examined traffic-related air pollution as a risk factor for lung disease. This team described a natural experiment study evaluating the impact of the ULEZ in London, UK. In a prospective parallel cohort study (The Children’s Health in London and Luton (CHILL) study), they assessed the impact of the ULEZ on children’s lung function growth trajectories in two areas: 44 schools in London (where the clean air zone was established) and 40 schools in Luton (where there is no clean air zone). They compared lung function...
引用
- Archives of Disease in Childhood：Air pollution and lung growth: the CHILL study
供执业医师工作参考，不替代临床判断；数值与分级以指南原文为准。