科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
持续输注粒细胞集落刺激因子在儿童肿瘤性疾病中与中性粒细胞恢复的优势相关。Continuous infusion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is associated with an advantage in neutrophil recovery in pediatric oncologic disorders.
引言：强化化疗的使用显著提高了癌症患者的总生存期（OS）和无复发生存期（RFS）。然而，它也增加了化疗所致中性粒细胞减少症（CIN）的风险。粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）常用于加速中性粒细胞恢复，但关于不同G-CSF给药途径的优越性研究有限。材料与方法：这是一项随机、前瞻性、单中心研究。…
INTRODUCTION: The use of intensified chemotherapy has significantly improved overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in cancer patients. However, it also increases the risk of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly used to hasten neutrophil recovery, but limited research has focused on the superiority of different routes of G-CSF administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized, prospective, single-institution study.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
槲皮素作为外源性物质代谢的调节剂：整合CYP450调控、II相结合通路及转运体介导的药物相互作用。Quercetin as a modulator of xenobiotic metabolism: integrating CYP450 regulation, phase II conjugation pathways, and transporter-mediated drug interactions.
目的：槲皮素是膳食中含量最丰富的黄酮类化合物之一，因其能够通过抑制和调节药物代谢酶及膜转运体来调节外源性物质代谢而引起了广泛关注。然而，这些相互作用的临床相关性仍不明确，因为现有证据较为零散，且主要来自临床前研究。
PURPOSE: Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids and has attracted considerable interest because it can modulate xenobiotic metabolism by inhibiting and regulating drug-metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters. However, the clinical relevance of these interactions remains uncertain because available evidence is fragmented and largely derived from preclinical studies.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
非手术面部创伤的抗生素管理：是否有必要？Antibiotic Stewardship in Nonoperative Facial Trauma: Necessary or Not?
目的：闭合性面部骨折常见且常采用非手术治疗。常规全身性抗生素预防存在争议，因为感染率低且抗生素可能造成伤害。我们评估了预防性抗生素是否能降低闭合性、非手术面部骨折的感染并发症。方法：对患有闭合性、非手术面部骨折的成人（急诊科、住院部、重症监护室）进行了系统评价。检索了PubMed、Scopus和Google Scholar，检索时间从建库至2025年9月19日。…
OBJECTIVE: Closed facial fractures are common and often treated nonoperatively. Routine systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is controversial because infection rates are low and antibiotics can cause harm. We assessed whether prophylactic antibiotics reduce infectious complications in closed, nonoperative facial fractures. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted of adults with closed, nonoperative facial fractures (emergency department, inpatient, intensive care unit). PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched from inception through September 19, 2025.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
持续皮下胰岛素输注联合电解质补充对儿童糖尿病酮症酸中毒的治疗价值。Therapeutic value of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with electrolyte supplementation for pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis.
背景：儿童糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）危及生命；传统的静脉胰岛素输注存在低血糖和电解质紊乱的风险。我们评估了持续皮下胰岛素输注（CSII）联合电解质补充治疗DKA的有效性和安全性。方法：66例患者被随机分配至研究组（CSII + 电解质补充）或对照组（静脉胰岛素输注 + 电解质补充）。…
BACKGROUND: Pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is life-threatening; traditional IV insulin risks hypoglycemia and electrolyte issues. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) combined with electrolyte supplementation in DKA. METHODS: Sixty-six patients were randomly assigned to the study group (CSII + electrolyte supplementation) or control group (intravenous insulin infusion + electrolyte supplementation).…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
乳腺癌患者接受蒽环类药物或抗HER2治疗期间的结构化运动与心脏结局：随机试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。Structured exercise and cardiac outcomes during anthracycline or anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
目的：评估结构化运动与常规护理相比，能否保护接受蒽环类药物和/或抗HER2治疗的乳腺癌女性的左心室射血分数（LVEF）、整体纵向应变（GLS）和心脏生物标志物。方法：我们对随机对照试验进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。采用修订版Cochrane随机试验偏倚风险评估工具（RoB 2）评估偏倚风险，采用建议分级评估、开发和评价（GRADE）方法评估证据确定性。
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether structured exercise, compared with usual care, preserves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and cardiac biomarkers in women with breast cancer receiving anthracyclines and/or anti-HER2 therapy. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Risk of bias was assessed with the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2), and certainty of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
优先抑制磷酸二酯酶作为调节系统性硬化关键通路的新策略。Preferential phosphodiesterase inhibition as a novel strategy to modulate key pathways in systemic sclerosis.
系统性硬化（SSc）是一种复杂的自身免疫性疾病，以血管病变、免疫失调以及皮肤和内脏器官进行性纤维化为特征。其高疾病负担和对生活质量的影响凸显了需要针对潜在致病机制的治疗方法，而不仅仅是治疗器官特异性症状。磷酸二酯酶，包括磷酸二酯酶4B（PDE4B），是多种对SSc发病机制至关重要的细胞类型中细胞功能和炎症反应的关键调节因子。…
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease marked by vasculopathy, immune dysregulation, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The high disease burden and impact on quality of life highlight the need for therapies that target underlying pathogenic mechanisms rather than merely treating organ-specific symptoms. Phosphodiesterases, including phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), are key regulators of cellular function and inflammatory responses of several cell types central to SSc pathogenesis.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
绘制IgA肾病中补体靶向治疗格局：一项系统性综述及结构化描述性综合。Mapping the complement-targeted landscape in igA nephropathy: a systematic review with structured descriptive synthesis.
背景：补体激活是IgA肾病（IgAN）疾病进展的关键驱动因素。既往综合证据仅局限于II期研究，而关键的III期数据——包括APPLAUSE-IgAN试验的24个月结果——近期已经公布，因此有必要对补体靶向疗法进行更新评估。方法：我们在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和Cochrane中系统检索了截至2026年4月24日的文献，纳入在活检证实的IgA肾病成人患者中评估补体抑制剂的随机对照试验。……
BACKGROUND: Complement activation is a key driver of disease progression in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). While previous syntheses were limited to phase II evidence, pivotal phase III data-including the 24-month results of the APPLAUSE-IgAN trial-have recently emerged, necessitating an updated appraisal of complement-targeted therapies. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane up to April 24, 2026, for randomized controlled trials of complement inhibitors in adults with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
人工智能、可解释深度学习与生成模型用于骨质疏松症及骨病预测：系统综述与未来研究路线图。Artificial intelligence, explainable deep learning, and generative models for osteoporosis and bone disease prediction: a systematic review and future research roadmap.
骨质疏松症是一项重大的全球健康负担，具有相当高的发病率、死亡率及医疗保健成本。人工智能（AI）为骨质疏松筛查、骨密度量化、骨折风险预测和临床决策支持开辟了新途径，但相关进展在机器学习、深度学习、可解释人工智能（XAI）、生成模型和多模态学习之间仍较为分散。本系统综述将这些研究脉络整合起来，并确定基于人工智能的骨质疏松预测的优先研究需求。…
Osteoporosis is a major global health burden, with considerable morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new avenues for osteoporosis screening, bone mineral density quantification, fracture-risk prediction, and clinical decision support, but progress remains fragmented across machine learning, deep learning, explainable AI (XAI), generative models, and multimodal learning. This systematic review brings these strands together and identifies priority research needs for AI-based osteoporosis prediction.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
益生菌与合生元作为心力衰竭辅助治疗：一项系统综述及网络与配对荟萃分析。Probiotics and synbiotics as adjunctive therapies for heart failure: a systematic review with network and pairwise meta-analyses.
目的：本研究旨在评估益生菌和合生元作为以微生物组为导向的心力衰竭（HF）辅助治疗的应用，同时明确确定是否存在任何符合纳入标准的仅含益生元的试验。方法：我们检索了八个中英文数据库，检索时间从建库起至2026年5月1日，并于2026年7月15日在PubMed、Embase和Web of Science中进行了扩展敏感性检索。随机效应网络荟萃分析（NMA）仅用于连接的多节点证据；双节点证据采用配对分析。…
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the use of probiotics and synbiotics as microbiome-directed adjunctive therapies for heart failure (HF), while explicitly determining whether any eligible prebiotic-only trials existed. METHODS: We searched eight English- and Chinese-language databases from inception to 1 May 2026 and conducted expanded sensitivity searches in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science on 15 July 2026. Random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) was used only for connected multi-node evidence; two-node evidence was analyzed pairwise.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
不同灌注不匹配特征下因中等血管闭塞所致急性卒中的血栓切除术：ESCAPE-MeVO试验的事后分析。Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke Due to Medium Vessel Occlusion Across Perfusion Mismatch Profiles: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ESCAPE-MeVO Trial.
重要性：近期试验尚未证明血管内血栓切除术（EVT）在因中等血管闭塞（MeVO）所致急性卒中方面优于药物治疗。然而，具有有利灌注特征的特定患者是否可能从EVT中获益仍不确定。目的：探讨MeVO卒中患者灌注不匹配特征与功能结局之间的关系，并确定这些特征是否会改变EVT的效果。…
IMPORTANCE: Recent trials have not demonstrated a benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) over medical therapy in acute stroke due to medium vessel occlusion (MeVO). However, it remains uncertain whether selected patients with favorable perfusion may benefit from EVT. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between perfusion mismatch profiles and functional outcomes in MeVO stroke and to determine whether these profiles modify the effect of EVT.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后接受罗沙司他治疗：一项随机临床试验。Roxadustat Treatment After PCI Among Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
重要性：临床前研究提示，缺氧诱导因子（HIF）的稳定可能减轻再灌注损伤。目的：确定在ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者再灌注后给予口服罗沙司他（一种HIF-脯氨酰羟化酶抑制剂）是否能缩小梗死面积。…
IMPORTANCE: Preclinical studies suggest that stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) may attenuate reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether oral roxadustat, a HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, reduced infarct size when administered after reperfusion among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
IHPBA 2026年资源受限医疗环境中肝细胞癌管理全球指南。IHPBA 2026 global guideline for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma in resource-constrained healthcare settings.
背景：当前针对肝细胞癌（HCC）患者的管理指南主要聚焦于医疗资源充足的医疗系统。2024年，IHPBA Legacy委员会启动了一项制定全球资源敏感性肝细胞癌管理指南的流程。方法：IHPBA全球指南小组制定并分发了关于肝细胞癌从诊断到治疗管理的声明，在在线网络研讨会上讨论这些声明并生成了指南。本文件重点关注资源受限医疗环境中肝细胞癌患者的诊断和管理。……
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the management of patients with HCC are predominantly focused on well-resourced healthcare systems. In 2024, the IHPBA Legacy committee initiated a process to develop global resource-sensitive guidelines for the management of HCC. METHODS: An IHPBA global guideline group produced and circulated statements on the management of HCC from diagnosis to treatment, discussed these in online webinars and generated guidelines. This document focuses on the diagnosis and management of patients with HCC in resource-constrained healthcare settings.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
TALOS-AMI试验中年龄与心肌梗死后抗血小板降阶治疗。Age and antiplatelet de-escalation after myocardial infarction in the TALOS-AMI trial.
背景：急性心肌梗死后双联抗血小板治疗降阶的临床效果可能因年龄而异。我们评估了经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后病情稳定的患者中，从替格瑞洛降阶为氯吡格雷的有效性和安全性是否因年龄而不同。患者与方法：这是TALOS-AMI随机试验的一项预先设定的次要分析。PCI后1个月无事件、接受阿司匹林-替格瑞洛治疗的患者被随机分配至降阶组（阿司匹林-氯吡格雷）或继续组（阿司匹林-替格瑞洛）。…
BACKGROUND: The clinical effects of dual antiplatelet therapy de-escalation after acute myocardial infarction may differ by age. We evaluated whether the efficacy and safety of de-escalation from ticagrelor to clopidogrel differed by age in stabilized patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prespecified secondary analysis of the TALOS-AMI randomized trial. Patients event-free 1 month after PCI receiving aspirin-ticagrelor were randomly allocated to de-escalation (aspirin-clopidogrel) or continuation (aspirin-ticagrelor).…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
Orforglipron与甘精胰岛素在心血管风险增加的2型糖尿病成人患者中的心血管安全性（ACHIEVE-4）：一项3期、事件驱动、随机、开放标签、非劣效性、活性对照试验。Cardiovascular safety of orforglipron versus insulin glargine in adults with type 2 diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk (ACHIEVE-4): a phase 3, event-driven, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, active comparator trial.
背景：Orforglipron是一种口服的非肽类GLP-1受体激动剂。尽管一些肽类GLP-1受体激动剂已确立心血管获益，但非肽类GLP-1受体激动剂的心血管安全性尚未被研究。本研究旨在比较orforglipron与甘精胰岛素对伴有肥胖或超重且心血管事件风险增加的2型糖尿病患者主要不良心血管事件发生率的影响。…
BACKGROUND: Orforglipron is an oral, non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist. While some peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists have established cardiovascular benefit, the cardiovascular safety of non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists has not been studied. This study aimed to compare the effect of orforglipron with insulin glargine on the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity or overweight who are at increased risk for cardiovascular events.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
蘑菇来源的多糖在癌症免疫治疗中的应用：机制、人体证据与转化优先级。Mushroom-derived polysaccharides in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, human evidence, and translational priorities.
蘑菇来源的多糖被广泛宣传为抗癌免疫调节剂，但产品身份不精确、制剂化学不等价以及跨证据水平的推断削弱了其解释力度。这篇批判性叙述性综述评估了β-葡聚糖、杂多糖、多糖-蛋白质复合物、粗提物组分、修饰衍生物和多组分提取物作为制剂特异性辅助候选药物的证据。
Mushroom-derived polysaccharides are widely promoted as anticancer immune modulators, but interpretation is weakened by imprecise product identity, chemically non-equivalent preparations, and extrapolation across evidence levels. This critical narrative review evaluates beta-glucans, heteropolysaccharides, polysaccharide-protein complexes, crude fractions, modified derivatives, and multicomponent extracts as preparation-specific adjunct candidates.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
肌少症与外周动脉疾病血运重建后的结局：一项范围综述。Sarcopenia and outcomes after revascularization for peripheral arterial disease: a scoping review.
目的：肌少症是一种与衰老和慢性疾病相关的退行性骨骼肌疾病，在多个外科领域中被认为是术后不良结局的公认危险因素。然而，在接受血运重建的外周动脉疾病（PAD）患者中，关于其流行病学、评估实践及预后影响的系统性证据仍然缺乏。…
OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia, a degenerative skeletal muscle disease associated with aging and chronic diseases, is a recognized risk factor for poor postoperative outcomes in various surgical fields. However, in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergoing revascularization, systematic evidence on its epidemiology, assessment practices, and prognostic impact is lacking.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
基于胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）的疗法用于肥胖相关射血分数保留的心力衰竭：一项纳入更广泛心力衰竭与心脏代谢证据的伞状综述。GLP-1-Based therapies for obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an umbrella review incorporating broader heart failure and cardiometabolic evidence.
背景：肥胖相关射血分数保留的心力衰竭（HFpEF）的心脏代谢表型在临床中的患病率正在增加。现有的系统评价和荟萃分析主要总结了针对基于胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）的疗法的疗效估计，但这些综合研究的可信度和独立性仍不确定，因为方法学局限性以及原始试验间的重叠尚未得到系统评估。…
BACKGROUND: The cardiometabolic phenotype of obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing in clinical prevalence. Existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses have primarily summarized efficacy estimates for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapies, but the credibility and independence of these syntheses remain uncertain because methodological limitations and overlap in primary trials have not been systematically evaluated.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
类风湿关节炎中JAK抑制剂与TNF抑制剂的心血管和死亡率结局：一项目标试验模拟（CARDINAL-RA）。Cardiovascular and mortality outcomes with JAK versus TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a target trial emulation (CARDINAL-RA).
目的：本研究旨在利用目标试验模拟，比较在心血管风险升高的类风湿关节炎（RA）患者中，Janus激酶抑制剂（JAKi）与肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂（TNFi）的心血管和死亡率结局。方法：在TriNetX中，将年龄≥50岁且具有≥1项心血管危险因素、起始使用JAKi或TNFi的成人RA患者，以新使用者、活性对照设计进行比较。…
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare cardiovascular and mortality outcomes of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at elevated cardiovascular risk using target trial emulation. METHODS: Within TriNetX, adults with RA aged ≥50 years and ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor initiating JAKi or TNFi were compared in a new-user, active-comparator design.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
替奈普酶治疗急性缺血性卒中：从分子生物工程到III期关键性试验。Tenecteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke: From Molecular Bioengineering to Phase III Pivotal Trials.
阿替普酶静脉溶栓是急性缺血性卒中的主要再灌注治疗，但其临床应用受到半衰期短、需持续输注以及对纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1易感等限制。替奈普酶是阿替普酶经生物工程改造的变体，旨在通过延长半衰期、提高纤维蛋白特异性以及增强对纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1的抵抗性来克服上述局限。这些结构修饰使单次推注给药成为可能，并减少全身性纤溶紊乱。…
Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase is a primary reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke, yet its clinical utility is constrained by a short half-life, continuous infusion requirements, and susceptibility to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Tenecteplase, a bioengineered variant of alteplase, was developed to address these limitations through a prolonged half-life, increased fibrin specificity, and enhanced resistance to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. These structural modifications enable single-bolus administration and reduce systemic fibrinolytic disturbance.…
科研动态国际PubMed 摘要
Retatrutide用于肥胖和2型糖尿病成人（TRIUMPH-2）：一项双盲、平行组、随机、安慰剂对照的3期试验。Retatrutide in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes (TRIUMPH-2): a double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
背景：Retatrutide是GIP、GLP-1和胰高血糖素受体的激动剂，目前正在研究用于治疗肥胖、2型糖尿病及其他合并症，包括膝骨关节炎和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。我们旨在评估retatrutide在肥胖和2型糖尿病成人中的疗效和安全性。方法：TRIUMPH-2是一项双盲、平行组、随机、安慰剂对照的3期试验，在8个国家的92个医疗和研究中心及医院进行。……
BACKGROUND: Retatrutide is an agonist of GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors, and is currently under investigation for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other comorbidities, including knee osteoarthritis and obstructive sleep apnoea. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of retatrutide in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. METHODS: TRIUMPH-2 was a double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial conducted at 92 medical and research centres and hospitals across eight countries.…