文献速递心血管胸部CT

性别与瓣膜表型对重度主动脉瓣狭窄纤维钙化构成的影响随年龄演变

The influence of sex and valve phenotype on fibrocalcific composition in severe aortic stenosis evolves with age.
PubMed 文献 · Eur J Radiol · 2026-06-02

该研究纳入221例相对年轻的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者(平均64.0±7.6岁,102例女性,151例二叶式主动脉瓣),通过超声心动图和心脏CT量化钙化密度、纤维化密度及纤维化百分比。结果显示性别是纤维钙化构成的主要决定因素,尤其在65岁以下患者中;在65岁及以上女性中,瓣膜表型重新成为显著影响因素。

要点

  • 女性重度AS患者较男性钙化密度更低、纤维化密度及纤维化百分比更高,65岁以下差异更明显。
  • 年龄与钙化密度正相关、与纤维化百分比负相关,主要由女性驱动,男性未见显著相关性。
  • 65岁及以上女性中,二叶式主动脉瓣较三叶式主动脉瓣纤维化密度和纤维钙化密度更高。

核心结论

  • 性别是相对年轻重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者纤维钙化构成的主要决定因素,尤其在65岁以下患者中。
  • 65岁及以上女性中,瓣膜表型重新成为纤维钙化构成的显著影响因素。
  • 二叶式主动脉瓣与三叶式主动脉瓣在总体队列及65岁以下患者中对组织构成无显著关联。

研究设计与样本

  • 研究类型为回顾性队列研究,共纳入221例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,平均年龄64.0±7.6岁。
  • 纳入102例女性、151例二叶式主动脉瓣患者,均接受超声心动图和心脏CT检查。
  • CT定量指标包括钙化密度、纤维化密度和纤维化百分比。
  • 统计方法包括组间比较和Pearson相关分析。

关键影像表现/征象

  • 女性钙化密度低于男性(p<0.001),纤维化密度高于男性(p=0.001),纤维化百分比高于男性(p<0.001)。
  • 65岁以下患者中性别差异更为显著。
  • 二叶式主动脉瓣女性纤维化程度高于二叶式主动脉瓣男性(p<0.001)。
  • 三叶式主动脉瓣女性钙化程度低于三叶式主动脉瓣男性(p=0.005)。
  • 65岁及以上女性中,二叶式主动脉瓣较三叶式主动脉瓣纤维化密度和纤维钙化密度更高。

诊断标准与关键数值

  • 总体队列中年龄与钙化密度呈正相关(R=0.225,p<0.001)。
  • 总体队列中年龄与纤维化百分比呈负相关(R=-0.280,p<0.001)。
  • 男女组间钙化密度比较p<0.001,纤维化密度比较p=0.001,纤维化百分比比较p<0.001。
  • 二叶式主动脉瓣女性与男性纤维化比较p<0.001,三叶式主动脉瓣女性与男性钙化比较p=0.005。

临床应用与阅片要点

  • 对65岁以下重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者行心脏CT评估时,应优先考虑性别对纤维钙化构成的影响。
  • 女性患者的纤维化优势表现不应被低估,阅片时需同时关注纤维化密度和钙化密度。
  • 65岁及以上女性中需结合瓣膜表型(二叶式与三叶式)解读纤维钙化构成的差异。
  • 年龄相关钙化增加和纤维化百分比下降的趋势主要体现在女性,男性随访评估时不能套用同一变化模式。

局限性

  • 本研究为相对年轻的重度主动脉瓣狭窄队列,结果向老年人群外推时需谨慎。
  • 研究设计未明确说明为多中心或单中心,且未提及前瞻性验证。

以上解读依据论文摘要(全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载)。

英文原文(摘要)· 点击展开

BACKGROUND: While sex and valve phenotype influence fibrocalcific composition in older patients with aortic stenosis (AS), their roles in younger individuals remain unclear. We investigated the impact of sex, valve phenotype, and age on computed tomography (CT)-derived aortic valve composition in a relatively younger cohort with severe AS.

METHODS: This study included 221 patients with severe AS (mean age 64.0 ± 7.6 years; 102 women; 151 bicuspid aortic valve [BAV]) who underwent echocardiography and cardiac CT. CT quantified calcific density, fibrotic density, and fibrotic percentage. Group comparisons and Pearson correlations were performed.

RESULTS: Compared to men, women had lower calcific density (p < 0.001), higher fibrotic density (p = 0.001), and a higher fibrotic percentage (p < 0.001). These sex differences were more pronounced in patients aged < 65 years. Age correlated positively with calcific density (R = 0.225, p < 0.001) and negatively with fibrotic percentage (R = -0.280, p < 0.001) overall, driven primarily by women, whereas no significant correlations were observed in men. BAV-women exhibited higher fibrosis than BAV-men (p < 0.001), while TAV-women had lower calcification than TAV-men (p = 0.005). Valve phenotype (BAV vs. TAV) showed no significant association with tissue composition in the overall cohort or among patients < 65 years. However, among women aged ≥ 65 years, those with BAV had higher fibrotic and fibrocalcific densities than those with TAV.

CONCLUSIONS: In our relatively younger severe AS cohort, sex is the primary determinant of fibrocalcific composition, particularly in patients under 65 years. In women aged ≥ 65 years, valve phenotype re-emerges as a significant factor.

来源:Eur J Radiol,查看原文。版权归原作者所有。

引用

  1. Shu, Xu, Wen, et al. The influence of sex and valve phenotype on fibrocalcific composition in severe aortic stenosis evolves with age. Eur J Radiol. 2026. PMID: 42241924. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2026.112979

供执业医师工作参考,不替代临床判断;数值与分级以指南原文为准。