博来霉素电栓塞治疗伴高流量和低流量成分的罕见混合性颅内外头皮-硬脑膜血管畸形
本文报道一例18岁男性罕见的累及头皮软组织与硬脑膜的混合性颅内外血管畸形,伴颅骨侵蚀,兼具低流量毛细血管-静脉成分和高流量硬脑膜动静脉瘘成分。采用NBCA栓塞高流量分流后,经动脉给予博来霉素联合可逆电穿孔靶向低流量成分,6个月随访时患者无症状,MRI示硬脑膜成分近完全消退、颅外病灶显著缩小。
要点
- 混合性颅内外血管畸形可同时存在高流量硬脑膜动静脉瘘和低流量毛细血管-静脉网络,需MRA和DSA全面评估。
- 高流量分流成分可用NBCA栓塞处理,低流量成分可经动脉博来霉素联合可逆电穿孔靶向治疗。
- 治疗后影像随访可见硬脑膜成分近完全消退和颅外病灶显著缩小,临床结局良好。
核心结论
- 选择性NBCA栓塞高流量分流后,经动脉博来霉素联合可逆电穿孔治疗低流量成分,可使该混合性颅内外血管畸形获得 favorable 的临床和影像学结局。
研究设计与样本
- 单例病例报告,患者为18岁男性,因非致残性头痛和间歇性搏动感接受多模态影像评估。
- 影像评估包括MRI、CT、MRA和数字减影血管造影(DSA),未报告样本量、中心数或统计方法。
关键影像表现/征象
- MRI和CT显示局灶性颅骨侵蚀。
- MRA和DSA显示脑膜中动脉与板障静脉之间存在直接分流,符合硬脑膜动静脉瘘的高流量成分。
- DSA还显示由颈外动脉分支和脑膜中动脉供血的弥漫性低流量毛细血管-静脉网络。
- 病变同时累及头皮软组织与硬脑膜,为颅内外混合性血管畸形。
临床应用与阅片要点
- 对头皮血管性病变伴搏动感或颅骨侵蚀者,应行MRA和DSA以鉴别高流量分流与低流量网络成分。
- 阅片时需同时评估颅外头皮软组织、颅骨和硬脑膜受累范围,避免遗漏混合性病变。
- 报告应明确高流量分流的存在及其供血动脉和引流静脉,以指导栓塞治疗决策。
局限性
- 单例病例报告,证据级别低,结论外推需谨慎。
- 随访时间仅6个月,长期疗效和复发情况未报告。
以上解读依据论文摘要(全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载)。
英文原文(摘要)· 点击展开
A rare extra- and intracranial mixed vascular malformation involving the scalp soft tissues and the dura mater, associated with skull erosion, and characterized by both a low-flow capillary-venous component and a high-flow component consistent with a dural arteriovenous fistula involving a diploic vein, represents a complex therapeutic challenge. An 18-year-old man underwent multimodal imaging for evaluation of non-disabling headaches and intermittent pulsatile sensation. MRI and CT demonstrated focal calvarial erosion, while MRA and digital subtraction angiography revealed a direct shunt between the middle meningeal artery and a diploic vein, in addition to a diffuse low-flow capillary-venous network supplied by branches of the external carotid artery and the middle meningeal artery. Treatment consisted of selective embolization of the shunt using n-butyl cyanoacrylate, followed by intra-arterial bleomycin administration combined with reversible electroporation targeting the slow-flow component. At 6-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, with only localized alopecia at electrode application sites. Follow-up MRI demonstrated near-complete resolution of the dural component and marked reduction of the extracranial lesion, indicating a favorable clinical and radiological outcome.
引用
- Mistretta F, Russo R, Molinaro S, et al. Bleomycin electroembolotherapy in a rare mixed extra- and intracranial scalp-dural vascular malformation with high- and low-flow components. Neuroradiology. 2026. PMID: 42091668. doi:10.1007/s00234-026-04020-w
供执业医师工作参考,不替代临床判断;数值与分级以指南原文为准。