文献速递神经儿科影像MRCT

亚急性硬化性全脑炎的神经影像谱系:系统综述

The neuroimaging spectrum of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a systematic review.
PubMed 文献 · Neuroradiology · 2026-05-11

该系统综述纳入461例确诊SSPE病例,其中456例(98.9%)有神经影像资料,MRI占85.5%、CT占12.6%。影像以双侧白质受累为主(93.5%),常见弥漫性(28.6%)、脑室旁(22.6%)、皮质下(15.4%)及后部顶枕叶优势(13.7%)模式,皮质受累占53.6%,深部灰质病变占17.2%,脑萎缩占35.1%。结论认为SSPE影像呈双侧白质为主、后部分布、可累及皮质和深部灰质、进行性萎缩、强化有限且常有影像模仿者的阶段演变过程。

要点

  • SSPE影像核心为双侧白质受累(93.5%),以后部顶枕叶优势模式常见。
  • 皮质受累占53.6%,深部灰质占17.2%,脑干占7.4%,需注意扩展范围。
  • 进行性萎缩占35.1%,其中13.7%报告为进行性萎缩,随访复查有价值。

核心结论

  • SSPE神经影像以双侧白质受累为主、后部分布,伴可变皮质和深部灰质扩展、进行性萎缩、强化有限,且常有影像模仿者,反映阶段演变的异质性过程。

研究设计与样本

  • 系统综述按PRISMA指南进行,检索电子数据库至建库,纳入报告影像表现的确诊SSPE病例报告、病例系列和队列研究。
  • 共分析461例报告病例,神经影像检查456例(98.9%),其中MRI 394例(85.5%)、CT 58例(12.6%)。

关键影像表现/征象

  • 白质异常431例(93.5%),最常见弥漫性双侧(132例,28.6%)、脑室旁(104例,22.6%)、皮质下(71例,15.4%)及后部顶枕叶优势(63例,13.7%)。
  • 皮质受累247例(53.6%),包括弥漫性半球改变(74例,16.1%)和后部优势(68例,14.8%)。
  • 深部灰质病变79例(17.2%),累及基底节47例(10.2%)和丘脑23例(5.0%);脑干异常34例(7.4%)。
  • 弥散受限52例(11.3%),对比增强38例(8.2%),脑萎缩162例(35.1%),其中进行性萎缩63例(13.7%)。
  • 影像模仿包括眼首诊/视觉通路优势型(46例,10.0%)、自身免疫性脑炎/ADEM样(37例,8.0%)、脑白质营养不良样(31例,6.7%)、卒中样(29例,6.3%)及基底节优势型(26例,5.6%)。

临床应用与阅片要点

  • 阅片时优先识别双侧白质后部优势受累模式,并评估皮质、基底节、丘脑及脑干扩展。
  • 报告需描述萎缩及进行性改变,随访影像对比对判断阶段演变有帮助。
  • 遇眼首诊/视觉通路优势、ADEM样、脑白质营养不良样或卒中样表现时,应将SSPE纳入鉴别。

局限性

  • 系统综述基于病例报告和病例系列,可能存在发表偏倚和影像资料报告不完整。
  • 影像检查以MRI为主但序列和参考标准未在摘要中统一,各模式比例可能受报告习惯影响。

以上解读依据论文摘要(全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载)。

英文原文(摘要)· 点击展开

BACKGROUND: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of spectrum of neuroimaging findings in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) across case reports and cohort studies.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted as per PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were searched from inception using predefined terms related to SSPE and neuroimaging. Eligible studies included confirmed cases with reported imaging findings from case reports, case series, and cohort studies.

RESULTS: Among 461 reported cases, neuroimaging was performed in 456 (98.9%), with MRI in 394 (85.5%) and CT in 58 (12.6%). White-matter abnormalities were identified in 431 (93.5%), most commonly diffuse bilateral (132, 28.6%), periventricular (104, 22.6%), subcortical (71, 15.4%), and posterior parieto-occipital-predominant patterns (63, 13.7%). Cortical involvement was present in 247 (53.6%), including diffuse hemispheric changes (74, 16.1%) and posterior predominance (68, 14.8%). Deep gray matter lesions occurred in 79 (17.2%), involving basal ganglia (47, 10.2%) and thalamus (23, 5.0%), while brainstem abnormalities were observed in 34 (7.4%). Diffusion restriction was reported in 52 (11.3%), contrast enhancement in 38 (8.2%), and cerebral atrophy in 162 (35.1%), including progressive atrophy in 63 (13.7%). Imaging mimics included ocular-first/visual pathway-predominant patterns (46, 10.0%), autoimmune encephalitis/ADEM-like patterns (37, 8.0%), leukodystrophy-like changes (31, 6.7%), stroke-like presentations (29, 6.3%), and basal ganglia-predominant forms (26, 5.6%).

CONCLUSIONS: Neuroimaging in SSPE shows predominant bilateral white matter involvement with posterior distribution, variable cortical and deep gray extension, progressive atrophy, limited enhancement, and frequent radiological mimics, reflecting a stage-evolving heterogeneous process.

来源:Neuroradiology,查看原文。版权归原作者所有。

引用

  1. Garg RK, Pandey S, Jain A, et al. The neuroimaging spectrum of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a systematic review. Neuroradiology. 2026. PMID: 42113281. doi:10.1007/s00234-026-04031-7

供执业医师工作参考,不替代临床判断;数值与分级以指南原文为准。