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文献速递儿科影像甲状腺与浅表US

儿童皮肤及皮下肿块的超声诊断

Ultrasonography of pediatric cutaneous and subcutaneous masses.
PubMed 文献 · Pediatr Radiol · 2026-04-24

本文综述儿童皮肤及皮下常见与少见肿块的超声表现，强调高频探头提升浅表软组织显示能力。不同病变超声表现存在重叠，但特定影像特征有助于缩小鉴别诊断并指导临床决策。

要点

  • 高频超声可清晰显示儿童浅表肿块的形态、深度、范围、内部组成及血供。
  • 掌握病变组织来源及关键超声特征有助于缩小鉴别诊断。
  • 多种儿童皮肤皮下肿块超声表现重叠，需结合特征性征象综合判断。

核心结论

  • 高频超声是评估儿童皮肤及皮下肿块形态、深度、范围、内部组成及血管性的重要工具。
  • 尽管不同病变超声表现存在显著重叠，特定影像特征仍可帮助缩小鉴别诊断并指导管理。

研究设计与样本

  • 综述性文章，总结儿童常见与少见浅表软组织肿块，按组织来源、关键超声特征及鉴别发现进行归纳。

关键影像表现/征象

  • 表皮包涵囊肿、皮脂腺囊肿、毛囊病变（化脓性汗腺炎、藏毛窦病、毛母质瘤、毛根鞘囊肿）为文中涵盖的病变。
  • 幼年黄色肉芽肿、皮肤纤维瘤、皮下环状肉芽肿及皮肤白血病/淋巴瘤亦为文中涵盖的病变。

临床应用与阅片要点

  • 日常阅片应使用高频探头系统评估肿块形态、深度、范围、内部组成及血管性。
  • 报告时需注意不同病变超声表现重叠，应结合组织来源与特征性征象提出鉴别诊断。

局限性

  • 本文为综述，未报告原始研究的样本量、敏感度、特异度等定量数据。
  • 文中指出不同病变超声表现存在显著重叠，单一征象鉴别能力有限。

以上解读依据论文摘要（全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载）。

英文原文（摘要）· 点击展开

Cutaneous and subcutaneous lumps are frequently encountered in the pediatric population and are usually benign. Although some lesions can be diagnosed clinically, ultrasound plays a pivotal role in evaluation by delineating lesion morphology, depth, extent, internal composition, and vascularity. Technological advances in high-frequency transducers and image resolution have significantly improved visualization of superficial soft tissues, enhancing diagnostic confidence. Despite substantial overlap in sonographic appearance among different lesions, specific imaging characteristics can help narrow the differential diagnosis and guide management. This review summarizes both common and uncommon pediatric superficial soft tissue masses, emphasizing their tissue of origin, key ultrasound features, and distinguishing findings that assist in accurate characterization and appropriate clinical decision-making. Conditions covered include epidermal inclusion cysts, sebaceous cysts, hair follicle lesions (hidradenitis suppurativa, pilonidal sinus disease, pilomatricomas, trichilemmal cysts), juvenile xanthogranulomas, dermatofibromas, subcutaneous granuloma annulare, and cutaneous leukemia/lymphoma.

来源：Pediatr Radiol，查看原文。版权归原作者所有。

引用

  1. Sideris GA, Stever M, Khubchandani M, et al. Ultrasonography of pediatric cutaneous and subcutaneous masses. Pediatr Radiol. 2026. PMID: 42029919. doi:10.1007/s00247-026-06590-6
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