文献速递心律失常

早期节律控制在心房颤动合并慢性肾脏病患者中的有效性与安全性

Effectiveness and Safety of Early Rhythm Control in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease.
PubMed 文献 · J Am Coll Cardiol · 2026-05-13

该研究为 EAST-AFNET 4 试验的预设二次分析,纳入 2742 例有基线肌酐数据的新诊断房颤患者,按估算肾小球滤过率定义慢性肾脏病(CKD),其中 23% 合并 CKD。早期节律控制(ERC)在有无 CKD 患者中均降低主要疗效终点事件,且安全性结局未见 ERC 与 CKD 的交互作用。

要点

  • CKD 患者年龄更高、CHA2DS2-VASc 评分更高,主要结局事件随 GFR 下降而增加。
  • ERC 在 CKD 患者中降低主要终点事件风险,HR 为 0.67(P<0.001)。
  • CKD 增加安全性结局,但未见 ERC 与 CKD 的交互作用。

核心结论

  • ERC 可有效且安全地降低新诊断房颤合并卒中危险因素患者的心血管事件,无论是否合并 CKD。

研究设计与样本

  • 本研究为 EAST-AFNET 4 试验的预设二次分析,纳入 2742 例有基线肌酐数据的新诊断房颤患者。
  • 患者按 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes 定义分为 CKD 组与无 CKD 组,CKD 定义为估算肾小球滤过率 <60 mL/min/1.73 m²。
  • 患者随机接受 ERC 或常规治疗(UC),中位随访 5.1 年。
  • 主要疗效终点为心血管死亡、卒中、心力衰竭恶化住院或急性冠脉综合征的复合结局。
  • 安全性结局为死亡、卒中及与节律控制相关的严重不良事件的复合结局。

主要发现

  • 2742 例患者中 23% 合并 CKD,CKD 患者年龄更高(74 ± 7.4 岁 vs 69 ± 8.3 岁,P<0.001)。
  • CKD 患者 CHA2DS2-VASc 评分更高(4 ± 1.4 vs 3.2 ± 1.2,P<0.001)。
  • GFR 每下降 1 mL/min,主要结局事件风险增加(HR:0.98 per mL GFR decrease,95% CI:0.97-0.99)。
  • ERC 在无 CKD 患者中降低主要结局事件(HR:0.84,P<0.001)。
  • ERC 在 CKD 患者中降低主要结局事件(HR:0.67,P<0.001)。

关键数值与推荐

  • 无 CKD 患者中,ERC 组主要结局事件率为 3.4%/100 患者年,UC 组为 4.1%/100 患者年。
  • CKD 患者中,ERC 组主要结局事件率为 5.8%/100 患者年,UC 组为 8.5%/100 患者年。
  • CKD 定义为估算肾小球滤过率 <60 mL/min/1.73 m²。

临床怎么用

  • 对合并 CKD 的新诊断房颤患者,可考虑采用早期节律控制策略以降低心血管事件风险。

以上解读依据论文摘要(全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载)。

原文

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The safety and efficacy of early rhythm control (ERC) in patients with CKD is not fully established. OBJECTIVES: This predefined secondary analysis of the EAST-AFNET 4 trial assessed the effectiveness and safety of ERC in patients with CKD defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). METHODS: EAST-AFNET 4 randomized patients with recently diagnosed AF and comorbidities to ERC or usual care (UC). Key outcomes were analyzed by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes defined CKD groups. The primary efficacy outcome combined cardiovascular death, stroke, hospitalization for worsening heart failure, or acute coronary syndrome. The safety outcome combined death, stroke, and serious rhythm control-related adverse events. Recurrent AF was a secondary outcome. RESULTS: Baseline creatinine was available in 2,742 of 2,789 (98.3%) patients. In this study, 23% had CKD (GFR: <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients with CKD were older (CKD: 74 ± 7.4 years; no CKD: 69 ± 8.3 years; P < 0.001), had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores (CKD: 4 ± 1.4; no CKD: 3.2 ± 1.2; P < 0.001), and more primary outcome events over 5.1 years of follow-up (HR: 0.98 per mL GFR decrease [95% CI: 0.97-0.99 per mL GFR decrease]). ERC reduced the primary outcome with and without CKD (no CKD: ERC: 3.4%/100 patient-years; UC: 4.1%/100 patient-years; HR: 0.84; P < 0.001; CKD: ERC: 5.8%/100 patient-years; UC: 8.5%/100 patient-years; HR: 0.67; P < 0.001; Pinteraction = 0.133). CKD increased safety outcomes without interaction with ERC (Pinteraction = 0.927). Patients with CKD experienced more AF recurrences with UC (Pinteraction = 0.036). CONCLUSION: ERC effectively and safely reduces cardiovascular events in patients with recently diagnosed AF and stroke risk factors with and without CKD. (Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial (EAST); NCT01288352).

来源:J Am Coll Cardiol,查看原文。版权归原作者所有。

引用

  1. Schenker, Borof, Goette, et al. Effectiveness and Safety of Early Rhythm Control in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026. PMID: 42126365. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2026.03.087

供执业医师工作参考,不替代临床判断;数值与分级以指南原文为准。