护士协调干预项目 vs 常规护理用于急性冠脉综合征后的二级预防:ALLEPRE试验
本研究为 pragmatic、随机、多中心干预试验,纳入2057例急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者,比较护士协调预防项目(NCPP)与常规护理(SOC)的疗效。NCPP组接受四年九次个体教育,显著降低主要不良心血管事件(MACE)风险(HR 0.70,95%CI 0.57-0.85,P<0.001),并在运动频率、体重控制和用药依从性上改善更优。结论支持将NCPP纳入二级预防策略,以长期减少MACE并提升生活方式与依从性。
要点
- NCPP显著降低ACS后四年MACE(16.2% vs 22.6%,HR 0.70,P<0.001)
- 非致死性心肌梗死减少为主要驱动(HR 0.60,95%CI 0.46-0.77,P=0.0001)
- NCPP改善运动频率(P<0.0001)、体重控制(P=0.003)和药物依从性(P<0.001)
核心结论
- 护士协调预防项目(NCPP)显著减少ACS患者长期(四年)主要不良心血管事件,改善运动频率、体重控制和药物依从性,支持将其纳入二级预防策略。
研究设计与样本
- 随机、多中心、务实干预试验,共2057例ACS患者,1:1随机分配至NCPP(n=1031)或SOC(n=1026)组。
- NCPP组接受四年内九次个体化教育,由经过中心培训的护士提供心血管危险因素识别、健康生活方式和药物依从性咨询;SOC组接受医院常规实践。
- 主要终点为复合心血管死亡、非致死性心梗、非致死性卒中(MACE)。
主要发现
- 与SOC相比,NCPP显著降低MACE(16.2% vs 22.6%;HR 0.70;95%CI 0.57-0.85;P<0.001)。
- 非致死性心梗显著减少(9.3% vs 15.2%;HR 0.60;95%CI 0.46-0.77;P=0.0001),为主要驱动因素。
- 预设次要终点(MACE加缺血驱动血运重建)也显著下降(HR 0.77,95%CI 0.64-0.92;P=0.005)。
- NCPP组运动频率(P<0.0001)、体重控制(P=0.003)和药物依从性(P<0.001)改善更多。
关键数值与推荐
- 纳入标准:急性冠脉综合征患者,随机分配接受NCPP或SOC。
- 主要终点:四年内复合心血管死亡、非致死性心梗、非致死性卒中(MACE)。
- 疗效指标:NCPP组MACE发生率16.2%,SOC组22.6%,HR 0.70,95%CI 0.57-0.85,P<0.001。
- 次要终点:MACE+缺血驱动血运重建,HR 0.77,95%CI 0.64-0.92,P=0.005。
临床怎么用
- 对于出院后的ACS患者,可考虑实施护士协调的预防项目(NCPP),以降低长期不良心血管事件。
- NCPP包括四年九次个体化教育,重点在于识别心血管危险因素、促进健康生活方式和用药依从性。
- 改善运动、体重控制和药物依从性是实现二级预防成效的关键环节。
局限性
- 原文未提及样本量计算、失访率、盲法或研究不足点,因此不在此补充。
以上解读依据论文摘要(全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载)。
原文
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is a lack of long-term outcome data supporting the role of nurses in cardiovascular (CV) risk management. The ALLEPRE [ALLiance for sEcondary PREvention after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS)] trial was a pragmatic, randomized, multicentre, interventional trial comparing the efficacy of a nurse-coordinated prevention program (NCPP) with standard of care (SOC). METHODS: The NCPP patients attended nine individual educational sessions over four years at which a centrally trained nurse provided counselling aimed at identifying CV risk factors and encouraging healthier lifestyles and medication adherence; the SOC patients followed the standard practices of their hospitals. The trial's primary endpoint was the composite of CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and non-fatal stroke (MACE). RESULTS: A total of 2057 ACS patients were randomized 1:1 to the NCCP (n=1031) or SOC group (n=1026). In comparison with SOC, the NCPP significantly reduced MACE [16.2% vs 22.6%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-0.85; P-value <0.001], a benefit mainly driven by a reduction in non-fatal MI (9.3% vs 15.2%; HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.46-0.77; P-value=0.0001). The occurrence of the pre-specified secondary outcome of MACE plus ischaemia-driven revascularization was significantly reduced (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.92; P-value= 0.005). Exercise frequency (P<0.0001), body weight control (P=0.003), and medication adherence (P<0.001) improved more in the NCPP group. CONCLUSIONS: The NCPP significantly reduced long-term MACE, improved physical activity, body weight control, and pharmacotherapy adherence in post-hospitalization ACS patients. Including an NCPP in healthcare provision may contribute to the successful implementation of secondary prevention strategies.
引用
- Magnani, Paoli, Maglietta, et al. A nurse-coordinated intervention programme vs standard of care after an acute coronary syndrome: the ALLEPRE trial. Eur Heart J. 2026. PMID: 42085325. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehag255
供执业医师工作参考,不替代临床判断;数值与分级以指南原文为准。