文献速递神经肌肉病

肌萎缩侧索硬化患者皮肤和肌肉组织中的磷酸化TDP-43病理

Phosphorylated TDP-43 Pathology in Skin and Muscle Tissue of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
PubMed 文献 · Neurology · 2026-04-30

这项横断面病例对照研究评估了ALS患者皮肤和舌组织中pTDP-43的分布及其与疾病和临床分期的关联。研究发现pTDP-43沉积在ALS的皮肤和舌组织中广泛存在,可区分ALS与对照,并与临床分期相关,提示其作为ALS生物标志物的潜力。

要点

  • 皮肤Meissner小体中pTDP-43百分比在ALS组显著高于健康对照和非ALS神经病组。
  • 皮肤pTDP-43/PGP比值随King临床分期增加而升高。
  • 联合皮肤pTDP-43指标区分ALS与健康对照的AUC为0.94,与非ALS神经病为0.90。

核心结论

  • 外周pTDP-43沉积可区分ALS与对照,并反映疾病分期,支持其作为ALS及疾病严重程度的潜在生物标志物。
  • 需要更大规模和纵向研究进行验证。

研究设计与样本

  • 横断面病例对照研究,纳入符合修订版El Escorial标准的ALS患者50例,中位年龄66.5岁,女性占36%。
  • 对照组包括健康对照20例(中位年龄60岁,女性20%)和非ALS神经病或神经元病(NANN)患者20例(中位年龄60岁,女性50%)。
  • 舌活检在10例ALS患者和10例灼口综合征(BMS)患者中进行。
  • 使用标准化免疫荧光定量Meissner小体(MC)和角质形成细胞中的pTDP-43,部分皮肤样本进行western blot分析。
  • 采用King分期系统评估ALS严重程度,并通过ROC分析评估诊断性能。

主要发现

  • pTDP-43沉积在ALS的表皮和真皮结构中检测到,而在健康对照中几乎缺失,在NANN中较低。
  • MC中pTDP-43百分比组间差异显著(H=53.30;p<0.001),ALS中位值0.35(IQR 0.39),NANN为0.04(IQR 0.03),健康对照为0.00。
  • pTDP-43/PGP比值在受试者水平(Z=2.20,p=0.028)和单个小体水平(H=21.72,p<0.001)随临床分期增加。
  • Western blot显示ALS皮肤中pTDP-43/GAPDH比值高于健康对照(中位3.45,IQR 7.23 vs 1.30,IQR 0.80;p=0.007)。
  • 角质形成细胞中pTDP-43在ALS中高于NANN和健康对照(中位0.047,IQR 0.023;0.019,IQR 0.049;0.005,IQR 0.047;p<0.001)。

关键数值与推荐

  • ALS组MC pTDP-43百分比中位0.35(IQR 0.39),NANN组0.04(IQR 0.03),健康对照组0.00,组间H=53.30,p<0.001。
  • pTDP-43/PGP比值随临床分期增加:受试者水平Z=2.20,p=0.028;单个小体水平H=21.72,p<0.001。
  • 皮肤pTDP-43/GAPDH比值ALS中位3.45(IQR 7.23) vs 健康对照1.30(IQR 0.80),p=0.007。
  • 角质形成细胞pTDP-43中位值:ALS 0.047(IQR 0.023),NANN 0.019(IQR 0.049),健康对照0.005(IQR 0.047),p<0.001。
  • 联合皮肤pTDP-43指标区分ALS与健康对照AUC 0.94(p<0.001),与NANN AUC 0.90(p<0.001)。

临床怎么用

  • 皮肤活检检测pTDP-43可能作为ALS的辅助诊断工具,帮助区分ALS与健康对照及非ALS神经病。
  • 皮肤pTDP-43/PGP比值可能有助于评估ALS疾病分期。
  • 舌活检中pTDP-43聚集体可见于肌内神经、失神经终板和肌纤维,支持外周病理沉积。

局限性

  • 研究为横断面设计,无法确定pTDP-43沉积与疾病进展的因果关系。
  • 样本量有限,尤其是舌活检仅纳入10例ALS患者。
  • 需要更大规模和纵向研究验证pTDP-43作为生物标志物的价值。

以上解读依据论文摘要(全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载)。

原文

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43) is the pathologic hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet no peripheral premortem biomarker is available. We evaluated pTDP-43 distribution in skin and tongue tissues and its association with ALS and clinical stage. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study included patients with ALS meeting revised El Escorial criteria who underwent skin and tongue biopsies. Control groups included healthy controls (HC), patients with non-ALS neuropathy or neuronopathy (NANN), and patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). pTDP-43 was quantified in Meissner corpuscles (MC) and keratinocytes using standardized immunofluorescence. In MC, PGP (%), pTDP-43 (%), and the pTDP-43/PGP ratio were assessed. A subset of skin samples underwent western blot analysis. ALS severity was classified using King's staging system. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: Fifty patients with ALS were included, median age 66.5 years, 36% female. Control groups included 20 HC, median age 60 years, 20% female, and 20 patients with NANN, median age 60 years, 50% female. Tongue biopsy was performed in 10 patients with ALS and 10 patients with BMS. pTDP-43 deposits were detected in ALS across epidermis and dermis structures, whereas they were almost absent in HC and low in NANN. Accordingly, MC pTDP-43% differed across groups (H = 53.30; p < 0.001), with median values of 0.35 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.39) in ALS, 0.04 (IQR 0.03) in NANN, and 0.00 in HC. The pTDP-43/PGP ratio increased with clinical stage at subject level (Z = 2.20, p = 0.028) and single-corpuscle level (H = 21.72, p < 0.001). Western blot showed higher pTDP-43/GAPDH ratio in ALS skin than in HC (median 3.45, IQR 7.23 vs 1.30, IQR 0.80; p = 0.007). Nonphosphorylated TDP-43 did not differ across groups. In keratinocytes, pTDP-43 was higher in ALS than in NANN and HC (median 0.047, IQR 0.023; 0.019, IQR 0.049; and 0.005, IQR 0.047; p < 0.001). Combined cutaneous pTDP-43 measures discriminated ALS from HC (area under the curve [AUC] 0.94, p < 0.001) and from NANN (AUC 0.90, p < 0.001). Tongue biopsies showed pTDP-43 aggregates in intramuscular nerves, denervated endplates, and muscle fibers. DISCUSSION: Peripheral pTDP-43 deposition distinguishes ALS from controls and reflects disease stage, supporting its potential role as a biomarker of ALS and disease severity. Larger and longitudinal studies are required for validation.

来源:Neurology,查看原文。版权归原作者所有。

引用

  1. Nolano M, Provitera V, Caporaso G, et al. Phosphorylated TDP-43 Pathology in Skin and Muscle Tissue of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurology. 2026. PMID: 42060881. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214940

供执业医师工作参考,不替代临床判断;数值与分级以指南原文为准。