英国肺癌筛查试验中新发结节的发病率与肺癌概率
该研究基于英国肺癌筛查试验(UKLS)4055名高危个体数据,分析随访中新发非钙化结节的恶性风险。875名有随访CT的参与者中,131人(15%)出现216个新发实性结节,整体恶性率3.8%(5/131);12个月随访时新发实性结节恶性概率随体积和VDTmax分层升高,验证30mm³为需进一步监测的关键体积阈值。
要点
- 新发实性结节整体恶性率3.8%,亚实性结节未诊断恶性。
- 12个月随访新发实性结节恶性率7.4%,短期随访为0%。
- 12个月时结节≥200mm³恶性概率15.4%,VDTmax<50天为33.3%。
核心结论
- 12个月筛查时新发实性结节恶性风险高于短期随访,并验证30mm³为需至少进一步监测的关键体积阈值。
研究设计与样本
- 分析UKLS多中心随机对照试验数据,2011至2013年招募4055名高危个体(50-75岁,LLPv2风险≥4.5%)。
- 纳入短期(3个月)或12个月随访登记的所有新发非钙化结节,分析体积和最大体积倍增时间(VDTmax),肺癌经组织学确诊。
主要发现
- 875名有随访CT的参与者中,131人(15%)出现216个新发实性结节,参与者水平恶性率3.8%(5/131)。
- 新发实性结节短期随访发生率为17%(72/432),12个月随访为8%(68/809)。
- 5例肺癌均在12个月随访首次检出,该时点新发实性结节参与者恶性率7.4%(5/68),短期随访为0%(0/72)。
- 12个月时按体积分层恶性概率:<30mm³为0%(95%CI 0.0-21.6),30-200mm³为7.9%(2.0-21.5),≥200mm³为15.4%(3.1-43.5)。
- 12个月时按VDTmax分层恶性概率:≥100天为2.0%(0.0-11.7),50-100天为18.8%(5.8-43.8),<50天为33.3%(5.6-79.8)。
关键数值与推荐
- 新发实性结节<30mm³在12个月随访时恶性概率0%(95%CI 0.0-21.6)。
- 新发实性结节30-200mm³在12个月随访时恶性概率7.9%(95%CI 2.0-21.5)。
- 新发实性结节≥200mm³在12个月随访时恶性概率15.4%(95%CI 3.1-43.5)。
- VDTmax≥100天恶性概率2.0%(95%CI 0.0-11.7),50-100天为18.8%(95%CI 5.8-43.8),<50天为33.3%(95%CI 5.6-79.8)。
临床怎么用
- 对12个月随访中新发实性结节应按体积和VDTmax分层评估恶性风险。
- 新发实性结节≥30mm³需至少进一步监测,<30mm³可考虑较低强度随访。
- 短期随访新发实性结节恶性风险低,但需结合后续12个月随访综合判断。
以上解读依据论文摘要(全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载)。
原文
Eur J Cancer. 2026 Jun 18;241:116779. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2026.116779. Epub 2026 May 2. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: New nodules detected during lung cancer screening follow-up have a higher average malignancy risk than same-size baseline nodules. We aimed to characterize the incidence and malignancy risk of new nodules in the UK Lung Cancer Screening Trial (UKLS). METHODS: This study analysed data from the UKLS multicenter randomized controlled trial recruiting 4055 high-risk individuals (aged 50-75 years, with a LLPv2 risk of ≥4.5%) between 2011 and 2013. Our analysis included all non-calcified nodules registered as new at short-term (3-month) or 12-month follow-up. Volume and maximum volume doubling time (VDT max ) were analysed. Lung cancer diagnoses were confirmed by histology. RESULTS: Of 875 participants with follow-up CT scans, 131 (15%) developed 216 new solid nodules, yielding an overall participant-level malignancy rate of 3.8% (5/131); no malignancies were diagnosed in new subsolid nodules. New solid nodule incidence was 17% (72/432) at short-term and 8% (68/809) at 12-month follow-up. All 5 cancers were first detected at 12-month follow-up, where 7.4% (5/68) of participants with new solid nodules had cancer, while the risk was 0% (0/72) at short-term follow-up. At 12-months, new nodule malignancy probability was stratified by volume: 0% (95% CI: 0.0-21.6) for < 30 mm³ , 7.9% (2.0-21.5) for 30-200 mm³ , and 15.4% (3.1-43.5) for ≥ 200 mm³ ; and by VDT max : 2.0% (0.0-11.7) for ≥ 100 days, 18.8% (5.8-43.8) for 50-100 days, and 33.3% (5.6-79.8) for < 50 days. CONCLUSION: New solid nodules at 12-month screening carry higher risk than short-term, and we validate 30mm³ as the critical volume threshold requiring at least further surveillance. PMID: 42155364 | DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2026.116779
引用
- PubMed 高证据 · 肺结节与肺癌筛查:Incidence and lung cancer probability of new nodules in the UK lung screening trial
供执业医师工作参考,不替代临床判断;数值与分级以指南原文为准。