加强涉司法系统女性的HIV、病毒性肝炎、性传播感染和结核病防治：CDC建议与资源
本文针对当前或既往被监禁女性中HIV、病毒性肝炎、性传播感染和结核病负担过高的现状，汇总美国CDC相关建议，按入监、监禁期间和释放三个关键阶段提出筛查、疫苗接种和治疗建议，并涵盖孕期与产后感染筛查及慢性病管理，同时介绍即时检测、同伴导师和协调重返社会规划等策略。
要点
- 涉司法系统女性HIV、病毒性肝炎、性传播感染和结核病负担过高，监禁期是干预关键窗口。
- 按入监、监禁期间、释放三阶段落实筛查、疫苗接种和治疗，并覆盖孕期与产后。
- 可借助即时检测、同伴导师和协调重返社会规划提升健康参与和照护连续性。
核心结论
- 监禁期是为此类女性提供筛查、疫苗接种和治疗的关键干预窗口，但受监禁时长不一、污名、资源有限和照护体系碎片化制约。
主要发现
- 当前或既往被监禁女性中HIV、病毒性肝炎、性传播感染和结核病发生率过高，与物质使用、创伤、贫困和医疗可及性有限等社会结构因素相关。
关键数值与推荐
- 按入监、监禁期间和释放三个关键阶段落实筛查、疫苗接种和治疗建议。
- 为被监禁女性提供孕期及产后感染筛查建议和慢性病管理的特殊要点。
临床怎么用
- 矫正机构卫生人员、临床医生和公共卫生部门可参照CDC资源，在三阶段推进筛查、疫苗接种、治疗和照护衔接。
- 可结合即时检测、同伴导师和协调重返社会规划提升健康参与和照护连续性。
以上解读依据论文摘要（全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载）。
原文
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2026 Jul;35(7):623-635. doi: 10.1177/15409996261436282. Epub 2026 Apr 15. ABSTRACT Women who are currently or formerly incarcerated experience disproportionately high rates of certain infections and diseases, including HIV, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and tuberculosis (TB). These disparities are shaped by overlapping social and structural conditions such as substance use, trauma, poverty, and limited access to health care. Incarceration can be a critical point of intervention to provide health care access for women who otherwise might not be able to prioritize their own health. However, the effectiveness of these efforts is often limited by variable lengths of incarceration, stigma, limited resources, and fragmented systems of care. This report outlines opportunities to strengthen prevention, treatment, and linkage to care for HIV, viral hepatitis, STIs, and TB among women who are justice system-involved. Specifically, by summarizing recommendations from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including those found in the Summary of CDC Recommendations for Correctional Settings , this report seeks to support care around screening, vaccination, and treatment for women at three key stages: intake, during incarceration, and at release. Guidance is also provided for incarcerated women during and after pregnancy, including recommendations for infection screening and unique aspects of chronic care management. Additional strategies are reviewed, including point-of-care testing, to support health engagement and health care continuity, peer mentorship, and coordinated reentry planning. CDC resources are highlighted throughout the report to assist correctional health staff, clinicians, and public health departments in improving outcomes for this population. PMID: 41983458 | PMC: PMC13294865 | DOI: 10.1177/15409996261436282
引用
- 指南共识 · 支气管扩张与结核：Strengthening Prevention and Treatment of HIV, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Tuberculosis Among Women Who Are Justice System-Involved: CDC Recommendations and Resources
供执业医师工作参考，不替代临床判断；数值与分级以指南原文为准。