多囊卵巢综合征患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与血栓栓塞风险:回顾性队列研究
该研究利用TriNetX美国协作网络的多中心电子健康记录数据,采用倾向评分匹配的回顾性队列设计,纳入2012至2021年间确诊的18至45岁多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)女性,比较合并与不合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)者发生肺栓塞(PE)和静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的风险。结果显示,合并OSA的PCOS女性PE和VTE的发病率均显著升高,尤其PE风险增加近一倍,提示对PCOS女性应考虑进行OSA筛查并加强血栓风险评估。
要点
- PCOS合并OSA显著增加肺栓塞风险(HR 1.95, 95%CI 1.50-2.54)。
- 合并OSA的PCOS女性VTE风险亦升高(HR 1.32, 95%CI 1.07-1.61)。
- 临床应对PCOS患者考虑OSA筛查及血栓风险综合评估。
核心结论
- 在PCOS女性中,合并OSA与血栓栓塞事件(尤其是肺栓塞)风险增加相关。
研究设计与样本
- 回顾性队列研究,使用倾向评分匹配进行1:1配对分析。
- 数据来源于TriNetX美国协作网络的多中心电子健康记录数据库。
- 研究对象为2012至2021年间确诊的18至45岁PCOS女性。
主要发现
- 合并OSA组较无OSA组,肺栓塞(PE)发生率更高(每1000人年2.88 vs 1.48,绝对差异每1000人年1.40)。
- PE发生率比率(IRR)为1.94(95%CI 1.49-2.53),风险比(HR)为1.95(95%CI 1.50-2.54)。
- 静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)发生率亦升高(每1000人年3.74 vs 2.87,绝对差异每1000人年0.87)。
- VTE的IRR为1.30(95%CI 1.06-1.60),HR为1.32(95%CI 1.07-1.61)。
- 这些关联在临床相关亚组中持续存在,并在长期随访中增加。
关键数值与推荐
- PE发病率:合并OSA组2.88/1000人年,无OSA组1.48/1000人年。
- VTE发病率:合并OSA组3.74/1000人年,无OSA组2.87/1000人年。
- PE的IRR 1.94(95%CI 1.49-2.53),HR 1.95(95%CI 1.50-2.54)。
- VTE的IRR 1.30(95%CI 1.06-1.60),HR 1.32(95%CI 1.07-1.61)。
临床怎么用
- 建议对PCOS女性考虑进行OSA筛查。
- 对合并OSA的PCOS女性加强血栓栓塞风险评估。
局限性
- 研究为回顾性设计,可能存在残余混杂。
以上解读依据论文摘要(全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载)。
原文
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and thromboembolic events among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design Retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching. Setting Multicenter electronic health record database (TriNetX US Collaborative Network). Population Women aged 18–45 years with a diagnosis of PCOS between 2012 and 2021. Methods Women with PCOS were stratified according to subsequent diagnosis of OSA and matched 1:1 with PCOS patients without OSA using propensity scores. Incident pulmonary embolism (PE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurring after a 1-year reference period were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Main Outcome Measures Incident pulmonary embolism and venous thromboembolism. Results After propensity score matching, 20 052 women were included (10 026 per group). All analyses were conducted within this propensity score-matched cohort. PE incidence was higher among women with OSA compared with those without OSA (2.88 vs. 1.48 per 1000 person-years; absolute difference 1.40 per 1000 person-years; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.94, 95% CI 1.49–2.53; hazard ratio [HR] 1.95, 95% CI 1.50–2.54). VTE incidence was also increased (3.74 vs. 2.87 per 1000 person-years; absolute difference 0.87 per 1000 person-years; IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06–1.60; HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.61). These associations persisted across clinically relevant subgroups and increased over long-term follow-up. Conclusion Among women with PCOS, comorbid OSA is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events, particularly pulmonary embolism. These findings support consideration of OSA screening and enhanced thromboembolic risk assessment in women with PCOS.
引用
- BJOG:Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Risk for Thromboembolic Complication Among Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
供执业医师工作参考,不替代临床判断;数值与分级以指南原文为准。