自然周期冻胚移植降低产科并发症:IPTW分析
单中心回顾性队列纳入2015年9月至2023年9月11,873个冻胚移植周期(HRT 5,115个、NC 6,758个,来自4,216例患者),采用IPTW-GEE双重稳健分析比较两组产科结局,并评估机构政策转向NC的影响。结果显示HRT组流产率更高、活产率更低,单胎活产中HDP、PAS、剖宫产及产后出血风险均显著升高;政策分析中NC占比每提高10%与多项不良结局下降相关。
要点
- HRT组流产率高于NC(aRR 1.26),活产率低于NC(aRR 0.92)。
- 单胎活产中HRT与HDP、PAS、剖宫产及PPH≥1,000 mL风险升高相关。
- 机构政策转向NC与PAS、HDP、剖宫产、PPH及LGA显著下降相关。
核心结论
- 在单胎分娩中,自然周期冻胚移植相比激素替代治疗与更低的流产风险和主要产科并发症风险相关。
- 机构政策向NC转变与不良结局显著下降相关,支持优先采用NC的治疗策略。
研究设计与样本
- 回顾性队列研究,单中心,2015年9月至2023年9月。
- 排除后分析11,873个周期(HRT 5,115个;NC 6,758个),来自4,216例患者。
- 采用逆概率处理加权(IPTW)联合广义估计方程(GEE)的双重稳健分析。
- 暴露为HRT或NC子宫内膜准备,以及研究期间治疗政策由HRT为主逐步转向NC为主。
主要发现
- HRT组流产率显著高于NC(aRR 1.26,95%CI 1.14-1.41),活产率显著低于NC(aRR 0.92,95%CI 0.87-0.99)。
- 单胎活产中,HRT与HDP(aRR 1.56,95%CI 1.21-2.02)、PAS(aRR 5.13,95%CI 3.25-8.12)、剖宫产(aRR 1.38,95%CI 1.26-1.53)风险升高相关。
- 阴道分娩中产后出血≥1,000 mL在HRT组亦显著更高(aRR 2.74,95%CI 2.08-3.63)。
- 排除低剂量阿司匹林使用者及限定匹配黄体期支持的敏感性分析证实上述发现。
关键数值与推荐
- 政策分析中,年度NC比例每增加10%,PAS(aRR 0.80,95%CI 0.74-0.88)、HDP(aRR 0.90,95%CI 0.84-0.96)、剖宫产(aRR 0.95,95%CI 0.93-0.98)、PPH≥1,000 mL(aRR 0.92,95%CI 0.86-0.99)及大于胎龄儿(aRR 0.92,95%CI 0.87-0.97)均显著下降(协变量校正后)。
- 主要结局包括活产率、流产率及单胎活产中的产科并发症(剖宫产、HDP、PAS、PPH)。
临床怎么用
- 对拟行冻胚移植患者,可结合本中心条件优先考虑自然周期方案以降低流产及产科并发症风险。
- 对采用HRT方案妊娠者,应加强HDP、PAS、产后出血等产科并发症的监测与防范。
- 机构层面可评估逐步提高NC比例的可行性与配套流程。
局限性
- 为单中心回顾性队列研究,存在残余混杂可能,虽采用IPTW-GEE双重稳健分析。
- 政策分析为生态学层面关联,不能直接推断个体因果效应。
以上解读依据论文摘要(全文未开放获取或许可不允许翻译转载)。
原文
OBJECTIVE: To compare obstetric complications between hormone replacement treatment (HRT) and natural cycle (NC) frozen embryo transfer (FET) using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with generalized estimating equations (GEE), and to evaluate the impact of an institutional policy change actively adopting NC on clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: Patients undergoing FET at a single center between September 2015 and September 2023. After exclusions, 11,873 cycles (HRT: 5,115; NC: 6,758) from 4,216 unique patients were analyzed. EXPOSURE: Endometrial preparation using HRT or NC, and a progressive shift in treatment policy from HRT-predominant to NC-predominant protocols over the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Live birth rate, miscarriage rate, and obstetric complications, including cesarean section, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in singleton live births. RESULTS: In the IPTW-GEE doubly robust analysis, the HRT group showed a significantly higher miscarriage rate (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-1.41) and lower live birth rate (aRR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.99) compared with NC. Among singleton live births, HRT was associated with significantly higher risks of HDP (aRR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.21-2.02), PAS (aRR: 5.13, 95% CI: 3.25-8.12), and cesarean section (aRR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26-1.53). Postpartum hemorrhage ≥1,000 mL in vaginal deliveries was also significantly higher in the HRT group (aRR: 2.74, 95% CI: 2.08-3.63). Sensitivity analyses excluding low-dose aspirin users and restricting to matched luteal phase support confirmed these findings. In the policy analysis, each 10% increase in the annual NC proportion was associated with significant reductions in PAS (aRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74-0.88), HDP (aRR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84-0.96), cesarean section (aRR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98), PPH ≥1,000 mL (aRR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), and large for gestational age (aRR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97) after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: Natural cycle is associated with significantly lower risks of miscarriage and major obstetric complications compared with HRT in singleton deliveries. The institutional policy shift toward NC was associated with significant reductions in adverse outcomes, supporting a shift toward treatment strategies prioritizing NC.
引用
- So S, Murabayashi N, Yamaguchi W, et al. Natural cycle frozen embryo transfer reduces obstetric complications: an inverse probability of treatment-weighted analysis. Fertil Steril. 2026. PMID: 42082071. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2026.04.024
供执业医师工作参考,不替代临床判断;数值与分级以指南原文为准。