艾灸疗法治疗支气管哮喘的疗效与安全性：一项系统评价与网络Meta分析。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
目的：评价不同艾灸疗法治疗哮喘的疗效和安全性。 方法：检索五个数据库至2025年7月27日，以识别评估艾灸治疗支气管哮喘的随机对照试验（RCT）。结局包括有效率、肺功能和免疫生物标志物。使用Stata 18和R Studio进行配对和网状Meta分析，并通过Cochrane RoB 2工具评估偏倚风险。 结果：共纳入44项RCT，涉及3401名参与者。研究结果表明，热敏灸在改善长期结局方面显著优于常规治疗：第一秒用力呼气容积改善的标准化均数差为0.45（95%置信区间0.03至0.87）；哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分改善的均数差为0.81（95%置信区间0.20至1.42）。艾灸联合常规治疗在提高有效率、肺功能、ACT及调节免疫标志物方面总体优于单用常规治疗。表面排序下的累积排序曲线表明：间接灸在提高总有效率方面最佳；常规治疗联合传统悬起灸在降低白细胞介素-6（IL-6）方面最佳；常规治疗联合热敏灸在改善肺功能、ACT、免疫球蛋白E及CD4+/CD8+比值方面最佳。所有艾灸相关不良事件均为轻度。 结论：与单用常规治疗相比，m 灸法联合常规治疗在哮喘治疗中显示出更优的整体疗效。热敏灸在改善长期肺功能和ACT结局方面显著优于常规治疗。在短期联合治疗方案中：热敏灸对肺功能、ACT和免疫生物标志物的改善最为明显；间接灸的总体有效率最高；而传统悬起灸在降低IL-6水平方面显示出最大潜力。鉴于研究质量的局限性，这些发现有待通过高质量试验进一步验证。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different moxibustion therapies for treating asthma. METHODS: Five databases were searched up to July 27, 2025, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing moxibustion for bronchial asthma. Outcomes included response rates, pulmonary function, and immune biomarkers. Paired and network meta-analyses were conducted using Stata 18 and R Studio, with risk of bias assessed via the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. RESULTS: We included 44 RCTs involving 3401 participants. Findings indicated that heat-sensitive moxibustion significantly outperformed conventional treatment in improving long-term outcomes: standardised mean difference for improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second was 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.87); mean difference for improvement in Asthma Control Test (ACT) score was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.20 to 1.42). Moxibustion combined with conventional therapy demonstrated overall superiority over conventional therapy alone in enhancing response rates, lung function, ACT, and modulating immune markers. Accumulated rank curve under the surface ranking indicated: indirect moxibustion was optimal for improving total response rates; conventional therapy combined with traditional suspending moxibustion was optimal for reducing interleukin-6 (IL-6); conventional therapy combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion was optimal for improving lung function, ACT, immunoglobulin E, and CD4+/CD8+ ratios. All moxibustion-related adverse events were mild. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional therapy alone, moxibustion combined with conventional therapy demonstrated superior overall efficacy in asthma treatment. Heat-sensitive moxibustion significantly outperformed conventional therapy in improving long-term pulmonary function and ACT outcomes. Within short-term combined treatment regimens: heat-sensitive moxibustion yielded the most pronounced improvements in pulmonary function, ACT, and immune biomarkers; indirect moxibustion achieved the highest overall response rate; while traditional suspending moxibustion demonstrated the greatest potential for reducing IL-6 levels. Given limitations in study quality, these findings warrant further validation through high-calibre trials.