超加工食品的代谢与神经反应：一项随机、对照、交叉研究。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
全球膳食模式已转向增加超加工食品（UPF）的摄入，这与更高的疾病负担相关联。针对UPF摄入与代谢性疾病，一个被提出的潜在机制是，相较于营养相似的食品，其摄入后反应发生了改变。在此，我们报告在一项随机交叉研究中，食品加工对餐后代谢及脑反应的影响，该研究涉及57名健康体重的成年人，他们摄入了营养匹配的UPF或非UPF膳食。我们显示，尽管营养相似，UPF膳食诱发了更强的胰岛素反应和能量反应，相较于非UPF膳食，碳水化合物氧化有所减弱。两种条件之间峰值碳水化合物氧化的差异与食物线索诱导的纹状体激活相关。我们还发现，虽然主观食物价值在两种条件之间没有差异，但与食物价值评估相关的脑反应在视觉皮层和纹状体中对于非UPF是正向的，而对于UPF则是负向的。总体而言，这些发现表明，食品加工通过超越仅热量和宏量营养素的机制影响餐后代谢和神经反应。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
Dietary patterns worldwide have shifted toward increased consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs), which has been linked to higher disease burden. One proposed mechanism underlying both UPF consumption and metabolic disease is altered post-ingestive responses relative to nutritionally similar foods. Here we report the effects of food processing on post-ingestive metabolism and brain response in a randomized, crossover study involving 57 healthy-weight adults who consumed a nutritionally matched UPF or non-UPF meal. We show that despite being nutritionally similar, UPF meals evoke greater insulinaemic and energetic responses, with attenuated carbohydrate oxidation relative to non-UPF meals. Between-condition differences in peak carbohydrate oxidation are associated with striatal activation in response to food cues. We also find that although subjective food value does not differ between conditions, brain responses correlated with food valuation are positive for non-UPF but negative for UPF in the visual cortex and striatum. Overall, these findings suggest that food processing influences post-ingestive metabolic and neural responses through mechanisms beyond calories and macronutrients alone.