《柳叶刀倒计时》警告称，气候变化正日益成为一场健康紧急事件。
正文 · 中文译文
在COP31召开前夕，最新一期《柳叶刀人群健康与气候变化倒计时》报告发现，气候变化的健康影响正在加速，热相关死亡、干旱及其他气候相关风险的增长速度快于十年前，尽管清洁能源投资和气候行动已开始带来健康益处。 在《巴黎协定》生效十年后，《2026年柳叶刀人群健康与气候变化倒计时》报告指出，许多气候相关的健康危害其增长速度快于全球应对速度。该报告由伦敦大学学院领导的国际研究机构和人员合作编写，并与世界卫生组织进行战略合作开发，追踪了54项连接气候变化与健康的指标全球趋势。 报告显示，《巴黎协定》签署后数年间，年均热相关死亡人数较前十年增加了近36%。仅2023年，全球就有71万人因高温死亡，创下纪录，其中超过70%的死亡负担可归因于人为气候变化。报告还强调了干旱状况加剧、水文极端事件暴露增加，以及与高温暴露相关的重大经济损失。 与此同时，报告也指出了重要进展。2025年，全球清洁能源投资达到创纪录的2.1万亿美元，而许多已降低化石燃料相关空气污染的国家，估计每年正使数千人免于过早死亡。报告还注意到气候适应型卫生系统方面取得的进展，包括国家卫生适应计划和基于气候信息的早期预警系统的采用日益增多。 “气候变化已经在损害世界每一个地区的健康，而且证据表明，其中许多影响正在加速，”气候变化、空气质量、能源与健康部门负责人迪尔米德·坎贝尔-伦德勒姆（Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum）博士表示，“与此同时，本报告表明，气候行动本身就是一项健康干预措施。更清洁的能源、更强大的卫生系统和早期预警系统如今正在挽救生命。在各国筹备第三十一届联合国气候变化大会（COP31）之际，将健康置于气候政策的核心位置，有助于保护社区、增强韧性，并为人们的健康和福祉带来直接益处。” 报告作者呼吁将气候变化正式确认为全球卫生紧急事件并予以应对，并将健康考量纳入气候减缓、适应和融资决策之中。优先事项包括加快温室气体减排、加大对适应行动的支持，以及扩大有助于增强卫生系统韧性的投资。 世卫组织正在通过一系列现有职能应对气候相关健康风险，包括监测、气候信息预警系统、健康适应规划、技术指导和紧急行动行动。世卫组织担任“变革性气候与健康行动联盟”（ATACH）的秘书处，这是唯一一个由卫生部门和伙伴组成的网络，旨在在国家层面共同发展气候韧性、低碳和可持续的卫生系统。 世卫组织的紧急架构旨在应对具有严重健康后果的急性和长期事件，并且正在采取措施，按照报告中的建议，利用现有工具应对气候紧急情况。自9月以来，针对当前厄尔尼诺事件预期的健康影响，世卫组织通过分级紧急响应和全球事件管理团队（IMT）进行应对，调动专业知识、健康情报并向风险最高的国家提供支持。 根据《国际卫生条例（2005）》（IHR），国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC）被定义为一种非常事件，确定通过疾病的国际传播构成对其他国家的公共卫生风险，并可能需要协调一致的国际应对措施。符合PHEIC标准的公共卫生事件可能包括由气候变化驱动的事件。 2026年报告汇集了来自30多个国家100多所机构的146名研究者的工作成果。 世界卫生组织（WHO）是《柳叶刀倒计时》的战略合作方，并在气候变化与健康方面提供技术领导。
正文 · 英文原文
Ahead of COP31, the latest Lancet Countdown report finds that the health impacts of climate change are accelerating, with heat-related deaths, drought and other climate-related risks increasing faster than a decade ago, even as clean energy investments and climate action begin to deliver health benefits. A decade after the Paris Agreement entered into force, the 2026 Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change reports that many climate-related health harms are growing faster than the global response. The report, produced by an international collaboration of researchers and institutions led by University College London and developed in strategic collaboration with WHO, tracks global trends across 54 indicators linking climate change and health. According to the report, annual average heat-related deaths increased by nearly 36% in the years following the Paris Agreement compared with the previous decade. In 2023 alone, heat was linked to a record 710 000 deaths globally, with more than 70% of that burden attributable to human-caused climate change. The report also highlights worsening drought conditions, increasing exposure to hydrological extremes, and substantial economic losses linked to heat exposure. At the same time, the report points to important progress. Global investment in clean energy reached a record US$ 2.1 trillion in 2025, while many countries that have lowered fossil fuel-related air pollution are estimated to be protecting thousands of people from premature deaths each year. The report also notes advances in climate-resilient health systems, including increased adoption of national health adaptation plans and climate-informed early warning systems. “Climate change is already harming health in every region of the world, and the evidence shows that many of these impacts are accelerating,” said Dr Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Head, Climate change, Air Quality and Energy and Health Unit. “At the same time, this report demonstrates that climate action is a health intervention. Cleaner energy, stronger health systems and early warning systems are saving lives today. As countries prepare for COP31, placing health at the centre of climate policies can help protect communities, strengthen resilience and deliver immediate benefits for people’s health and well-being.” The report's authors call for climate change to be formally recognized and addressed as a global health emergency, and for health considerations to be integrated across climate mitigation, adaptation and financing decisions. Priorities include accelerating reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, increasing support for adaptation, and expanding investments that strengthen health system resilience. WHO is responding to climate-related health risks through a range of existing functions, including surveillance, climate-informed early warning systems, health adaptation planning, technical guidance and emergency response operations. WHO acts as Secretariat for the Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH), the only network of health ministries and partners working together to develop climate-resilient, low-carbon and sustainable health systems at the country level. WHO's emergency architecture is designed to respond to acute and protracted events with serious health consequences and it is taking steps to use existing instruments to respond to climate emergencies in line with the recommendations in the report. Since September, it is responding to the expected health impacts of the ongoing El Niño event through a graded emergency response and a Global Incident Management Team (IMT), mobilizing expertise, health intelligence and support to countries most at risk. Under the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR), a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) is defined as an extraordinary event which is determined to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease and to potentially require a coordinated international response. Public health events that meet the criteria of a PHEIC may include those driven by climate change. The 2026 report brings together the work of 146 researchers from more than 100 institutions across over 30 countries. WHO is a strategic collaborator of the Lancet Countdown and provides technical leadership on climate change and health.