照护者敏感性的观察性及报告性测量工具的系统综述：拉丁美洲视角。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
敏感性是儿童早期心理健康的基石；然而，其测量在很大程度上依赖于在英语国家、高资源环境中开发的工具。本系统综述识别了用于评估0-6岁儿童照护者敏感性的观察性和报告式工具。它评估了这些工具在拉丁美洲情境中的方法学稳健性和可用性。在Web of Science、Scopus、PsycInfo和Redalyc中进行系统检索后，共识别出732项符合条件的研究。基于使用频率阈值，选取了在616篇论文中体现的16种工具（14种观察性和2种报告式）进行深入评估。对测量工具进行编码，以评估其与Ainsworth敏感性定义的理论一致性、心理测量学证据和可用性——具体包括培训可及性、实施复杂性，以及在多样拉丁美洲人群中使用的证据（例如农村环境或教育水平较低的照护者）。结果显示，仅少数测量工具明确遵循Ainsworth的原始定义。大多数工具优先考虑温暖和积极情感，这可能导致在那些回应性通过亲近和基于日常惯例的照护来表达的情境中出现跨文化漏检。尽管观察性工具占主导地位，但报告式测量工具显示出有限的验证和极少的区域使用。这些发现凸显了该地区迫切需要基于文化的验证以及开发可及的培训项目。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
Sensitivity is a cornerstone of early childhood mental health; however, its measurement relies heavily on tools developed in English-speaking, high-resource contexts. This systematic review identified observational and report-based instruments used to assess sensitivity in caregivers of children aged 0-6 years. It evaluated the methodological robustness and usability of these instruments within Latin American contexts. Following a systematic search in Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Redalyc, 732 eligible studies were identified. Based on a frequency-of-use threshold, 16 instruments (14 observational and 2 report-based) represented across 616 papers were selected for in-depth evaluation. Measures were coded for theoretical alignment with Ainsworth's sensitivity definition, psychometric evidence, and usability-specifically training accessibility, administration complexity, and evidence of use with diverse Latin American populations (e.g., caregivers in rural settings or with lower educational levels). Results revealed that only a minority of measures adhered explicitly to Ainsworth's original definition. Most instruments prioritized warmth and positive affect, potentially leading to cross-cultural underdetection in contexts where responsiveness is expressed through proximity and routine-based care. While observational tools predominated, report-based measures showed limited validation and minimal regional use. These findings highlight the urgent need for culturally grounded validation and the development of accessible training programs for the region.