神经肌肉训练和训练负荷管理干预措施对减少战术新兵损伤和减员的效果：一项系统综述与荟萃分析。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
目的：评估神经肌肉训练和训练负荷管理干预在降低战术人员（军人、执法人员及其他第一响应组织）新兵训练期间损伤和减员方面的有效性。设计：干预性系统评价伴荟萃分析。文献检索：检索了PubMed、CINAHL Plus with full text、EMBASE、CENTRAL、Web of Science和SPORTDiscus，时间范围为2000年1月1日至2025年3月14日。研究选择标准：纳入准实验研究和随机对照试验，这些研究考察了在新兵训练期间或开始前进行的神经肌肉训练干预，或训练负荷管理干预，对年龄至少16岁的战术新兵中需要医疗处理和导致时间损失的损伤及减员的影响。数据合成：采用逆方差、随机效应荟萃分析，提供对数比值比（Log OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。结果：共纳入33项研究（n = 49,062名参与者），结局证据确定性极低。在新兵训练期间实施的神经肌肉训练干预减少了需要医疗处理的损伤（Log OR = 0.520，95% CI = 0.226至0.815），但未减少减员（Log OR = 0.525，95% CI = -0.292至1.342）。在新兵训练开始前实施的神经肌肉训练干预未减少需要医疗处理的损伤（Log OR = 0.487，95% CI = -2.216至3.190），但可能显著增加减员（Log OR = -0.982，95% CI = -1.874至-0.090）。训练负荷管理干预 并未减少需医疗处置的损伤（Log OR = 0.286，95% CI = -0.183 至 0.755）。结论：在入伍训练期间进行神经肌肉训练干预可能降低需医疗处置的损伤发生概率，而不会增加退出率。所纳入干预措施缺乏针对性和渐进性超负荷，可能限制了其进一步的损伤防护效果。在入伍训练开始前实施神经肌肉训练干预可能增加入伍训练期间的退出率，而不影响损伤发生概率。J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2026;56(10):642-656。2026年8月18日在线发表。doi:10.2519/jospt.2026.14272。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of neuromuscular training and training load management interventions for reducing injury and attrition in tactical personnel (military, law enforcement, and other first responder organizations) during recruit training. DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: PubMed, CINAHL Plus with full text, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus were searched from January 1, 2000, to March 14, 2025. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were included if they were quasi-experimental and randomized controlled trials examining neuromuscular training interventions conducted during or before commencing recruit training, or with training load management interventions, on medical-attention and time-loss injuries and attrition in tactical recruits aged at least 16 years. DATA SYNTHESIS: Inverse-variance, random-effects meta-analyses provided log odds ratio (Log OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Thirty-three studies (n = 49,062 participants) were included, and outcomes were of very low-certainty. Neuromuscular training interventions delivered during recruit training reduced medical-attention injuries (Log OR = 0.520, 95% CI = 0.226 to 0.815), but not attrition (Log OR = 0.525, 95% CI = -0.292 to 1.342). Neuromuscular training interventions delivered before commencing recruit training did not reduce medical-attention injuries (Log OR = 0.487, 95% CI = -2.216 to 3.190) but could have significantly increased attrition (Log OR = -0.982, 95% CI = -1.874 to -0.090). Training load management interventions did not reduce medical-attention injuries (Log OR = 0.286, 95% CI = -0.183 to 0.755). CONCLUSION: Neuromuscular training interventions during recruit training may reduce medical-attention injury probability without increasing attrition. The lack of specificity and progressive overload for included interventions may have limited further protective effects against injury. Delivering neuromuscular training interventions before commencing recruit training may increase attrition during recruit training without affecting injury probability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2026;56(10):642-656. Epub 18 August 2026. doi:10.2519/jospt.2026.14272.