全球新框架启动，以追踪极端高温对孕妇、新生儿和儿童日益增加的健康风险
正文 · 中文译文
随着极端高温在全球加剧，世界卫生组织（WHO）、世界气象组织（WMO）、联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）和联合国人口基金（UNFPA）今天启动了首套优先指标，旨在帮助各国追踪高温对孕妇、新生儿和儿童的健康影响。这一新框架旨在加强防范、改进监测、加快应对。这些行动将有助于保护一些最容易受到气候相关健康风险影响的人群。 研究持续提供证据表明，暴露于极端高温可从孕期到儿童期损害健康，导致早产几率增加26%。新生儿也日益暴露于高温，2024年一岁以下婴儿经历的热浪天数比1986年至2005年的基线时期增加了389%。全球范围内，估计有15亿儿童暴露于变得越来越频繁、持续时间更长或更为严重的热浪。 “随着我们的世界持续升温，这给健康带来了新的风险，而老年人、孕妇、新生儿和儿童是最难以逃避这些风险的人群之一，”世界卫生组织环境、气候变化、健康一体化与移民司代理司长布鲁斯·戈登表示。“我们的卫生系统需要数据来认识这一现实并采取行动——从在热浪期间保护人们，到将气候风险考量纳入日常卫生服务。” 新报告建议各国监测极端高温期间的早产、死产、低出生体重、妊娠期高血压、儿童死亡以及医疗机构就诊情况。监测学校出勤率也有助于揭示高温如何扰乱儿童的生活。 “高温已经在影响我们最脆弱的人群，包括孕妇、新生儿和儿童。但卫生系统如果没有统计到这些情况，就无法作出应对，”世界卫生组织性与生殖健康、孕产妇、新生儿、儿童和青少年健康及老龄化司司长Pascale Allotey博士表示。“通过将早产、儿童死亡和疾病以及医疗机构就诊等结局与高温暴露情况一同追踪，各国可以识别潜在影响，并采取行动保护妇女和儿童。” 常规健康数据和高温暴露数据（如气温）有助于识别可能与高温相关的信号，从而协助各国在极端高温期间发现异常变化，开展进一步调查并采取相应措施。 这些信息可以帮助卫生主管部门为设施应对需求增加做好准备，加强对孕妇和家庭的预警，识别风险最大的社区，并改进高温健康规划。 随着极端高温正迅速成为全球变暖世界中的一个常见特征，世界卫生组织呼吁各国加强监测和应对其健康影响的能力。通过使用本报告中的新的优先指标，各国政府可以更好地识别风险、有针对性地实施干预措施，并保护孕妇、新生儿和儿童免受可预防的伤害。 世卫组织还敦促所有国家制定和实施因地制宜的高温健康行动计划，将 these 弱势群体的需求纳入其中，加强早期预警系统，并在高温风险出现时及时触发行动。 关于世界卫生组织 世卫组织致力于所有人的福祉，并以科学为指导，领导和倡导全球努力，让每个人在世界各地都拥有平等的机会，过上安全健康的生活。我们是联合国的一个卫生机构，在150多个地点将国家、伙伴和人民联系起来——引领世界应对卫生紧急情况，预防疾病，解决健康问题的根源，并扩大药物和卫生保健的可及性。我们的使命是支持所有国家促进、提供和保护健康。“携手健康，支持科学”是2026年世界卫生日的主题，这标志着一项为期一年的运动，旨在强调科学作为保护全球健康和福祉的基础。
正文 · 英文原文
As extreme heat intensifies around the world, the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), UNICEF and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) today launched the first-ever set of priority indicators to help countries track the health impacts of heat on pregnant women, newborns and children. The new framework is designed to strengthen preparedness, improve monitoring, accelerate response. These actions will help protect some of the populations most vulnerable to climate-related health risks. Studies continue to provide evidence that exposure to extreme heat can harm health from pregnancy to childhood, leading to a 26% increase in the odds of preterm birth. Newborns are also increasingly exposed, with babies under one year of age experiencing 389% more heatwave days in 2024 compared with the 1986 to 2005 baseline period. Globally, an estimated 1.5 billion children are exposed to heatwaves that are becoming more frequent, longer or more severe. “As our world continues to heat up, it creates new risks for health, and older people, pregnant women, newborns and children are among those least able to escape them,” said Bruce Gordon, Director a.i. of WHO’s Department of Environment, Climate Change, One Health and Migration. “Our health systems need the data to recognize this reality and take action - from protecting people during heatwaves to embedding climate risk consideration into everyday health services.” The new report recommends that countries monitor preterm births, stillbirths, low birthweight, pregnancy hypertension, child deaths and health-facility visits during extreme heat. Monitoring school attendance can also help reveal how heat is disrupting children’s lives. “Heat is already affecting our most vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, newborns and children. But what health systems do not count, they cannot respond to,” said Dr Pascale Allotey, Director of WHO’s Department of Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing. “By tracking outcomes such as preterm birth, child deaths and illnesses, and health-facility visits alongside heat exposure, countries can identify potential impacts and take action to protect women and children.” Routine health data and heat-exposure data such as air temperature can help identify possible heat-related signals that can assist countries in identifying unusual changes during periods of extreme, conduct further investigation and act accordingly. The information can help health authorities prepare facilities for increased demand, strengthen warnings to pregnant women and families, identify communities at greatest risk and improve heat-health planning. As extreme heat is fast becoming a common feature of a warming world, WHO is calling on countries to strengthen their ability to monitor and respond to its health impacts. By using the new priority indicators in this report, governments can better identify risks, target interventions and protect pregnant women, newborns and children from preventable harm. WHO also urges all countries to develop and implement heat-health action plans that are context-specific, and that integrate the needs of these vulnerable populations, strengthen early warning systems and trigger timely action when heat risks emerge. About WHO Dedicated to the well-being of all people and guided by science, WHO leads and champions global efforts to give everyone, everywhere, an equal chance at a safe and healthy life. We are the United Nations’ agency for health that connects nations, partners and people in more than 150 locations – leading the world’s response to health emergencies, preventing disease, addressing the root causes of health issues and expanding access to medicines and health care. Our mission is to support all countries to promote, provide and protect health. “Together for health. Stand with science”, the theme of World Health Day 2026, marks a year-long campaign to highlight science as the foundation for protecting health and well-being worldwide.