索马里的心力衰竭：关于流行病学、病因、临床特征、管理、结局及证据缺口的范围综述。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
背景：心力衰竭是导致疾病、住院、残疾和死亡的重要原因，但来自索马里的证据仍然零散，且大多局限于单个医院的研究。本范围综述梳理了关于索马里心力衰竭的流行病学、病因、临床与诊断特征、管理、结局及研究空白的现有证据。 方法：检索 PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus 和 Embase，时间范围从建库至 2026 年 7 月 27 日。于 2026 年 8 月 3 日进行回溯引文检索。纳入报告索马里（包括索马里兰和邦特兰）心力衰竭特异性结果的原始研究。由两名评价员独立进行筛选。使用结构化表格提取数据，并由第二名评价员核实。由于存在较大异质性以及可能的参与者重叠，未进行 meta 分析，仅作描述性综合。 结果：检索共识别出 111 条记录，其中 56 条为重复记录。对 55 条记录进行标题和摘要筛选，对 13 篇报告进行全文评估，最终纳入 2011 年至 2025 年间发表的 12 项研究。11 项研究与摩加迪沙的一所三级医院相关，没有研究提供具有全国代表性或多中心的证据。报告的病因和相关疾病包括高血压、缺血性心脏病、瓣膜病、心肌病、贫血、甲状腺功能障碍、肾脏疾病以及硫胺素缺乏性湿性脚气病。超声心动图是主要诊断方法。 d，但心力衰竭的定义和射血分数阈值差异很大。管理数据主要局限于特定的甲状腺功能异常、左心室血栓或湿性脚气病人群。结局报告稀少，包括住院死亡率、血栓队列的第一年结局、住院时间、卒中、血栓消退和探索性预后指标。 结论：关于索马里心力衰竭的证据正在出现，但仍集中于局部地区、方法学上异质性较大，且不足以估计全国疾病负担、治疗覆盖率或长期结局。需要开展前瞻性多中心研究，并建立采用标准化诊断定义、明确分母、治疗指标和纵向随访的分阶段心力衰竭登记系统。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
BACKGROUND: Heart failure is an important cause of morbidity, hospitalisation, disability, and mortality, but evidence from Somalia remains fragmented and largely confined to individual hospital-based studies. This scoping review mapped the available evidence on the epidemiology, aetiologies, clinical and diagnostic characteristics, management, outcomes, and research gaps relating to heart failure in Somalia. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase were searched from inception to 27 July 2026. Backward citation searching was conducted on 3 August 2026. Original studies reporting heart-failure-specific findings from Somalia, including Somaliland and Puntland, were eligible. Screening was conducted independently by two reviewers. Data were charted using a structured form and verified by a second reviewer. Findings were synthesised descriptively without meta-analysis because of substantial heterogeneity and possible participant overlap. RESULTS: The searches identified 111 records, of which 56 were duplicates. Fifty-five records underwent title and abstract screening, 13 reports were assessed in full text, and 12 studies published between 2011 and 2025 were included. Eleven studies were associated with a single tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, and no study provided nationally representative or multicentre evidence. Reported aetiologies and associated conditions included hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, anaemia, thyroid dysfunction, renal disease, and thiamine-deficiency wet beriberi. Echocardiography was the principal diagnostic method, but heart-failure definitions and ejection-fraction thresholds varied substantially. Management data were limited mainly to selected populations with thyroid dysfunction, left ventricular thrombus, or wet beriberi. Outcome reporting was sparse and included in-hospital mortality, first-year outcomes in a thrombus cohort, length of stay, stroke, thrombus resolution, and exploratory prognostic indices. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence on heart failure in Somalia is emerging but remains geographically concentrated, methodologically heterogeneous, and insufficient to estimate national burden, treatment coverage, or long-term outcomes. Prospective multicentre studies and a staged heart-failure registry using standardised diagnostic definitions, clear denominators, treatment indicators, and longitudinal follow-up are needed.