短期红景天补充剂改善女性跆拳道运动员的经前症状、反应时间和主观疲劳感：一项随机双盲安慰剂对照试验。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
背景：经前症状可能对女性运动员的心理准备状态、认知-运动表现和主观用力感产生负面影响。红景天（RR）是一种适应原草药，已被研究其在疲劳、应激耐受、情绪和运动相关结局方面的潜在作用。然而，其对女性运动员经前症状和运动表现相关反应的影响仍不清楚。本研究旨在探讨在预估的症状性经前期短期补充红景天对患有经前综合征（PMS）的女性跆拳道运动员经前症状、外周血清血清素和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）浓度、反应时间、主观用力感和有氧运动表现相关指标的影响。 方法：在这项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验中，24名伴有中度至重度PMS症状的女性跆拳道运动员被随机分配，在预估的症状性经前期接受500 mg/天的标准化红景天提取物（n = 12）或安慰剂（n = 12），持续10天。经前症状使用经前症状筛查工具（PSST）进行评估。在干预前后评估视觉反应时间、外周血清血清素和GABA浓度、力竭时间（TTE）、估算的VO₂max和主观用力感评级（RPE）。数据采用以基线值为协变量的协方差分析进行分析。 结果：与安慰剂相比，红景天补充显著降低了若干PMS症状，包括 易激惹、抑郁、焦虑、社交退缩、注意力不集中、嗜睡、食物渴求、哭泣、皮肤问题及腹痛（p < 0.05）。RR组的反应时间较安慰剂组更快（校正均数差：-60 ms；p < 0.001）。RR组外周血清5-羟色胺和γ-氨基丁酸浓度显著高于安慰剂组（p < 0.001）。此外，补充RR可降低运动后的主观疲劳感觉评分（校正均数差：-1.40 Borg单位；p = 0.006）。然而，两组在TTE或估算的VO₂max方面未观察到显著差异（p > 0.05）。 结论：在估算的症状性黄体期前期短期补充RR，可能改善患有经前综合征的女性跆拳道运动员的部分PMS症状、视觉反应时间及主观疲劳感觉。需要采用激素确认月经周期时相、更长干预周期、直接生理学测量及专项运动表现评估的更大规模试验来证实这些发现。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
BACKGROUND: Premenstrual symptoms may negatively influence psychological readiness, cognitive-motor performance, and perceived exertion in female athletes. Rhodiola rosea (RR) is an adaptogenic herb that has been investigated for its potential effects on fatigue, stress tolerance, mood, and exercise-related outcomes. However, its effects on premenstrual symptoms and performance-related responses in female athletes remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term RR supplementation during the estimated symptomatic premenstrual phase on premenstrual symptoms, peripheral serum serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations, reaction time, perceived exertion, and aerobic performance-related indices in female taekwondo athletes with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). METHODS: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 24 female taekwondo athletes with moderate-to-severe PMS symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg/day of standardised RR extract (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12) for 10 days during the estimated symptomatic premenstrual phase. Premenstrual symptoms were assessed using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). Visual reaction time, peripheral serum serotonin and GABA concentrations, time to exhaustion (TTE), estimated VO₂max, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance with baseline values as covariates. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, RR supplementation significantly reduced several PMS symptoms, including irritability, depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, decreased concentration, hypersomnia, food cravings, crying, skin problems, and abdominal pain (p < 0.05). The RR group demonstrated faster reaction time compared with placebo (adjusted mean difference: -60 ms; p < 0.001). Peripheral serum serotonin and GABA concentrations were significantly higher in the RR group than in the placebo group (p < 0.001). In addition, RR supplementation reduced post-exercise RPE (adjusted mean difference: -1.40 Borg units; p = 0.006). However, no significant differences were observed between groups in TTE or estimated VO₂max (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Short-term RR supplementation during the estimated symptomatic premenstrual phase may improve selected PMS symptoms, visual reaction time, and perceived exertion in female taekwondo athletes with PMS. Larger trials with hormonal confirmation of menstrual cycle phase, longer intervention periods, direct physiological measurements, and sport-specific performance assessments are required to confirm these findings.