成人运动、身体活动、体适能与流感疫苗接种的体液免疫应答：一项系统综述与荟萃分析。
摘要
背景：运动、习惯性身体活动和体适能已被提出作为行为佐剂，可能改善流感疫苗的免疫原性，但单项研究规模较小且结果不一致。目的：评估指定的急性与慢性运动干预的效果，以及习惯性活动和体适能与成人流感疫苗接种体液免疫应答的关联。方法：我们检索了PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、Scopus和SPORTDiscus，检索时间从建库至2026年5月1日。……
正文 待译
BACKGROUND: Exercise, habitual physical activity, and physical fitness have been proposed as behavioral adjuvants that could improve influenza vaccine immunogenicity, but individual studies are small and inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of assigned acute and chronic exercise interventions, and the associations of habitual activity and fitness, with humoral responses to influenza vaccination in adults. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus from inception to May 1, 2026. Randomized evidence was analyzed separately for acute exercise and chronic training; nonrandomized interventions and observed activity or fitness were considered separately. Risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) in log2 hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers were synthesized when compatible numerical data were available. Design-appropriate risk-of-bias tools and GRADE were applied. RESULTS: Twenty-two reports were included. Seven randomized reports provided primary quantitative estimates, and five contributed to at least one meta-analysis of two or more trials. Acute exercise did not show a clear effect on H1N1 seroprotection (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.65-1.21; k = 3) or H3N2 seroprotection (RR 1.04, 0.91-1.20; k = 3), or on H1N1 seroconversion (RR 1.30, 0.58-2.92; k = 2) or H3N2 seroconversion (RR 0.84, 0.50-1.40; k = 2). Chronic-training titer estimates were imprecise for H1N1 (MD 0.50 log2 units, -0.64 to 1.64; k = 2), H3N2 (0.27, -0.17 to 0.72; k = 2), and influenza B (-0.14, -0.64 to 0.36; k = 2). Other primary comparisons were supported by single trials. Certainty was low or very low. CONCLUSION: The available randomized evidence does not establish an immunogenicity benefit of acute exercise or chronic training, but does not demonstrate equivalence or exclude benefit. Observational associations remain vulnerable to confounding. Larger trials with complete numerical reporting are needed; these antibody findings do not establish effects on clinical influenza. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261425732, identifier CRD420261425732.
English
BACKGROUND: Exercise, habitual physical activity, and physical fitness have been proposed as behavioral adjuvants that could improve influenza vaccine immunogenicity, but individual studies are small and inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of assigned acute and chronic exercise interventions, and the associations of habitual activity and fitness, with humoral responses to influenza vaccination in adults. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus from inception to May 1, 2026.…