世界卫生组织培训增强全球建设更健康、更公平城市的能力
正文 · 中文译文
目前，全球超过一半的人口生活在城市地区，预计到2050年这一比例将达到68%。虽然城市可以为改善健康、气候行动和社会发展创造强有力的机会，但快速城市化也使数十亿人面临住房和交通不足、卫生条件差、空气污染、极端高温以及导致非传染性疾病和伤害的环境。随着COP31将在土耳其举行、下一届世界城市论坛将在墨西哥城召开，人们的关注点正转向如何将全球承诺转化为地方层面的有意义的行动。随着实现可持续发展目标的2030年最后期限临近，加强城市为社区带来真正改变的能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。为此，世界卫生组织学院（WHO Academy）和世界卫生组织城市健康部门连续第二年举办了为期四周的“城市健康能力评估与应对——资源工具包”培训，汇集了来自世界卫生组织全部六个区域的27个国家的73名参与者（从120多份申请中选出）。参与者包括城市卫生部门、国家部委、民间社会组织、学术界和世界卫生组织国家办事处的代表。 培训通过四场每场两小时的在线课程开展，帮助参与者将资源工具包从指南转化为实际行动。参与者分成小组，将工具包应用于各自的城市健康优先事项，并研究了包括大阿克拉、埃努古州、光州东区、奎奎、利拉、伦敦、苏瓦和乌得勒支等城市已发表的案例。资源工具包的两位使用者和贡献者作为特邀讲者参加，分享城市案例研究。每位参与者离开时都带有一份在其自身背景下启动评估的计划草案，并附有为整个群体监督而列出的书面承诺。 一位参与者指出，“课程的结构、分组工作、城市案例和资源工具包都使材料变得实用且立即可用”。 该培训反映出城市中的健康在很大程度上超出卫生部门的范围。交通、住房、粮食系统、就业、环境条件、基础设施、安全和城市规划都影响着人们过上健康生活的机会。 “建设更健康的城市需要的不仅仅是技术解决方案。它需要能够跨部门合作的人员和机构，了解哪里的能力最强、哪里仍有差距，并将这些知识转化为协调一致的行动。这项培训有助于建立一个全球从业者社区，使其有能力将健康和公平置于城市发展的核心，”世界卫生组织城市健康技术负责人Nathalie Roebbel博士说。 第二批在第一批的基础上乘势推进，扩大了能够在地方和国家层面应用和调整该资源包的专业人员数量，并正在培养新一代培训师，他们能够进一步传播和调整该方法。下一次培训将于2027年举行。
正文 · 英文原文
More than half of the world’s population now lives in urban areas, a proportion expected to reach 68% by 2050. While cities can create powerful opportunities for better health, climate action and social development, rapid urbanization is also exposing billions of people to inadequate housing and transport, poor sanitation, air pollution, extreme heat and environments that contribute to noncommunicable diseases and injuries. With COP31 in Türkiye and the next World Urban Forum in Mexico City on the horizon, attention is turning to how global commitments can translate into meaningful action at the local level. As the 2030 deadline for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals approaches, strengthening the capacities of cities to make real change for communities is more important than ever. In response, for the second year in a row, the WHO Academy and WHO Urban Health Unit held a four-week training on the Urban health capacity assessment and response – Resource kit, bringing together 73 participants (selected from more than 120 applications) from 27 countries across all six WHO regions. Participants included representatives of city health departments, national ministries, civil society organizations, academia and WHO country offices. Delivered through four two-hour online sessions, the training helped participants translate the resource kit from guidance into practical action. Working in small groups they applied the kit to their own urban health priorities and examined published examples from cities including Greater Accra, Enugu State, Gwangju Dong-gu, Kwekwe, Lira, London, Suva and Utrecht. Two users of, and contributors to, the resource kit joined as guest speakers to share city case studies. Each participant left with a draft plan to initiate an assessment in their own context, with written commitments outlined for the entire cohort to monitor. One participant noted that “the structure of the sessions, the breakout work, the city examples, and the resource kit all made the material practical and immediately relevant”. The training reflects that health in cities is shaped far beyond the health sector. Transport, housing, food systems, employment, environmental conditions, infrastructure, safety and urban planning all influence people’s opportunities to live healthy lives. “Creating healthier cities requires more than technical solutions. It requires people and institutions that can work across sectors, understand where capacity is strongest and where gaps remain, and turn that knowledge into coordinated action. This training is helping to build a global community of practitioners equipped to place health and equity at the heart of urban development,” said Dr Nathalie Roebbel, WHO Technical Lead, Urban Health. The second cohort builds on the momentum of the first, expanding the number of professionals able to apply and adapt the resource kit at local and national levels, and is growing a new generation of trainers who can further disseminate and adapt the approach. The next training will be held in 2027.