生物多样性与哮喘风险的实证证据的荟萃分析。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
气候变化和城市化与绿度和植被多样性降低、生物多样性枯竭以及人类微生物群贫乏相关。这些变化可能影响免疫调节，并增加许多慢性炎症性疾病（如哮喘）的风险。本研究呈现了一项关于暴露于环境和人类微生物群生物多样性与哮喘发生之间关联的荟萃分析结果。生物多样性的效应估计分别以标准化均数差或相对危险度及95%置信区间进行汇总，分别采用Hedges法和限制性最大似然估计量。使用Shannon指数评估的环境生物多样性与哮喘之间关联的汇总效应估计无统计学显著性；而较高的细菌丰富度与哮喘显示出显著的保护性关联，尽管研究间存在相当大的异质性和发表偏倚。对于人类微生物群多样性，汇总标准化均数差提示哮喘风险与高细菌多样性和细菌丰富度/丰度相关，而基于OR的细菌丰富度与哮喘估计不显著。我们的荟萃分析显示，暴露于环境和人类微生物群生物多样性与哮喘之间存在可变关联，这些关联的方向和幅度取决于所使用的具体生物多样性指标和分析方法。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
Climate change and urbanization are associated with reduced greenness and vegetation diversity, depletion of biodiversity, and impoverishment of human microbiota. These changes may influence immune regulation and increase the risk of many chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma. This study presents the results of a meta-analysis of the association between exposure to environmental and human microbiota biodiversity and the development of asthma. The effect estimates for biodiversity were summarized as the standardized mean difference or relative risk with 95% confidence interval applying the Hedges method and the restricted maximum likelihood estimator, respectively. The summary effect estimates for the association between environmental biodiversity, using the Shannon index, and asthma was not statistically significant; whereas higher bacterial richness showed a significant protective association with asthma, although the considerable heterogeneity across the studies and publication bias. For human microbiota diversity, the summary standardized mean difference suggested that the risk of asthma was associated with high bacterial diversity and bacterial richness/abundance, while the OR‑based estimate for bacterial richness and asthma was not significant. Our meta-analysis shows variable associations between exposure to environmental and human microbiota biodiversity and asthma, with the direction and magnitude of these associations depending on the specific biodiversity metrics and analytical approaches used.