橘皮素补充剂对女性格斗运动运动员模拟赛前减重的影响。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
背景：赛前减重长期以来一直是格斗类运动运动员面临的主要挑战。不科学的减重做法不仅会增加激素失衡、电解质紊乱和免疫功能受损的风险，还会损害有氧和无氧表现以及爆发力等运动能力。本研究探讨了橘皮素（一种天然柑橘提取物）对运动表现的潜在益处。这些益处包括调节激素分泌、优化碳水化合物和脂质代谢，以及促进肌肉合成和脂质利用，这可能有助于运动员达到目标体重。 目的：考察补充橘皮素对女性格斗类运动运动员体成分和运动表现指标的影响，并评估其在模拟赛前减重中的有效性。 方法：招募了30名女性格斗类运动运动员（4名摔跤运动员、3名拳击运动员、9名散打运动员、3名柔道运动员和11名跆拳道运动员）。采用配对、随机、双盲设计。所有30名参与者首先根据运动项目和竞技水平进行配对，然后随机分配到橘皮素组或安慰剂组（每组15人）。30天的干预包括双盲营养补充剂、膳食问卷、血液采样和分析、体成分评估、等速肌力测试和有氧能力测试，以评估橘皮素（400 mg/天）对表现和健康相关结局的影响。这些ou 结局指标包括身体成分指标（如体脂百分比、脂肪量、瘦体重）、脂肪分布指标（如肢体及区域脂肪量、臀股部脂肪量）、糖脂代谢指标（如低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总胆固醇、游离脂肪酸）、激素指标（如皮质醇、睾酮）、肌肉力量指标（如髋、膝、踝屈肌和伸肌的峰值力矩）以及最大摄氧量衍生指标（如最大摄氧量（VO2max）心率、力竭时间）。采用双因素重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）评估统计学显著性。 结果：（1）体重：橘皮素组80.0%的运动员体重有不同程度下降，33.3%（5名运动员）达到其参赛体重级别。（2）体脂：橘皮素组体脂百分比从23.92 ± 0.87%降至22.92 ± 0.89%；躯干、上肢、下肢及腹部区域脂肪量分别下降6.77%、8.77%、4.43%和8.09%。（3）糖脂代谢：高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）升高8.86%（P = 0.002），而甘油三酯降低25.00%（P = 0.048）。（4）运动表现：橘皮素组髋、膝、踝关节屈伸时的峰值力矩显著增加。VO2max也从42.80 ± 1.13改善至43.46 ± 1.32 ml/kg/min。 结论：补充橘皮素有效降低了女性格斗类运动运动员的体重和脂肪量（整体及区域性）。在参与者中，80.0%体重有不同程度下降，33.3%达到其参赛体重级别，表明具有较强的效 对赛前减体重的影响。此外，橘皮素改善了有氧能力和下肢关节肌肉力量，从而提升了竞技表现。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
BACKGROUND: Weight reduction before competition has long been a major challenge for combat-sports athletes. Unscientific weight-loss practices not only increase the risk of hormonal imbalance, electrolyte disturbance, and impaired immune function but also compromise athletic capacities such as aerobic and anaerobic performance and explosive power. This study investigated the potential benefits of tangeretin, a natural citrus extract, on athletic performance. These benefits include the regulation of hormone secretion, the optimization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and the promotion of muscle synthesis and lipid utilization, which may help athletes reach their target weight. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of tangeretin supplementation on body-composition and sports-performance indicators in female combat-sports athletes, and to evaluate its efficacy for simulated precompetition weight loss. METHODS: Thirty female combat-sports athletes (4 wrestlers, 3 boxers, 9 sanda athletes, 3 judokas, and 11 taekwondo athletes) were recruited. A paired, randomized, double-blind design was used. All 30 participants were first paired according to sport and competitive level, then randomly allocated to either a tangeretin group or a placebo group (15 per group). The 30-day intervention comprised a double-blind nutritional supplement, a dietary questionnaire, blood sampling and analysis, body-composition assessment, isokinetic muscle-strength testing, and aerobic-capacity testing, to evaluate the effects of tangeretin (400 mg/day) on performance and health-related outcomes. These outcomes included body-composition indicators (e.g. body-fat percentage, fat mass, lean-body mass), fat-distribution indicators (e.g. limb and regional fat mass, gynoid fat mass), glucose and lipid-metabolism indicators (e.g. LDL-C, total cholesterol, free fatty acids), hormone indicators (e.g. cortisol, testosterone), muscle-strength indicators (e.g. peak torque of hip, knee, and ankle flexors and extensors), and maximal-oxygen-uptake-derived indicators (e.g. VO2max heart rate, time to exhaustion). Statistical significance was assessed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: (1) Body weight: 80.0% of athletes in the tangeretin group lost weight to varying degrees, and 33.3% (5 athletes) reached their competition weight class. (2) Body fat: body-fat percentage in the tangeretin group decreased from 23.92 ± 0.87% to 22.92 ± 0.89%; trunk, upper-limb, lower-limb, and android-region fat mass decreased by 6.77%, 8.77%, 4.43%, and 8.09%, respectively. (3) Glucose and lipid metabolism: HDL-C increased by 8.86% (P = 0.002), whereas triglycerides decreased by 25.00% (P = 0.048). (4) Sports performance: peak torque during hip, knee, and ankle flexion and extension increased significantly in the tangeretin group. VO2max also improved from 42.80 ± 1.13 to 43.46 ± 1.32 ml/kg/min. CONCLUSION: Tangeretin supplementation effectively reduced body weight and fat mass (both overall and regionally) in female combat-sports athletes. Among the participants, 80.0% lost weight to varying degrees, and 33.3% reached their competition weight class, indicating a strong effect on precompetition weight loss. Moreover, tangeretin improved aerobic capacity and lower-limb joint muscle strength, thereby enhancing competitive performance.