极低容量高强度间歇训练联合补铁与单纯补铁对缺铁性贫血年轻女性姿势控制的影响：一项随机对照试验。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
背景：近期研究显示，患有缺铁性贫血（IDA）的年轻女性姿势控制能力下降。为解决这一姿势缺陷，制定针对这些个体的姿势康复干预策略至关重要。本研究旨在探讨为期8周的基于增强式训练的极低容量高强度间歇训练（HIIT）联合补铁与单纯铁治疗对IDA年轻女性姿势控制的影响。 方法：本随机对照试验纳入18-25岁患有IDA的年轻女性，随机分配至训练组（TG；n = 16）或非训练组（NTG；n = 17）。所有参与者均接受口服补铁（硫酸亚铁，494.5 mg/天，以247.25 mg每日两次给药），而TG额外完成为期8周的基于增强式训练的极低容量HIIT方案。评估血红蛋白（Hb）和血清铁蛋白浓度，同时评估肌肉耐力、反应时表现和姿势控制。肌肉耐力采用Killy测试评估，反应时表现采用在线简单反应时测试评估，姿势控制采用稳定平台在双足和半串联站立条件下评估。姿势评估在硬质和泡沫表面上进行，分别于睁眼（EO）和闭眼（EC）条件下完成。所有结局指标在基线和末次干预后72小时测量。 结果：8周干预后，本研究显示两组均有显著改善，无论 然而，在干预后，TG 在血红蛋白（Hb）浓度（P = 0.042）、肌肉耐力（P < 0.001）和姿势控制方面的改善显著大于 NTG。与 NTG 相比，TG 在泡沫表面的双足站立（睁眼（EO）：P = 0.001；闭眼（EC）：P = 0.035），以及硬质表面的半串联站立（EO：P = 0.015；EC：P = 0.040）和泡沫表面的半串联站立（EO：P = 0.019；EC：P = 0.003）期间观察到更优的姿势控制。采用 Bonferroni 校正的多重比较显著性阈值（α = 0.00625）后，组间姿势控制差异在泡沫表面双足站立睁眼（P = 0.001）和泡沫表面半串联站立闭眼（P = 0.003）方面仍具有显著性。 结论：该研究表明，无论采用何种干预方式，缺铁性贫血（IDA）女性的姿势表现均得到改善。然而，与传统的铁剂治疗相比，为期8周的超低容量高强度间歇训练（HIIT）联合增强式训练和铁补充产生了更有益的效果。与 NTG 相比，TG 中姿势控制的更大改善伴随着 Hb 浓度和肌肉耐力的更大改善。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
BACKGROUND: Recent research revealed postural control deterioration in young women with Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA). To address this postural deficit, it is crucial to develop intervention strategies for postural rehabilitation in these individuals. This study aimed to explore the effect of 8-week extremely low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) based on plyometric exercises combined with iron supplementation versus simple iron treatment on postural control of young women with IDA. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial enrolled young women with IDA aged 18-25 years, who were randomly assigned to a training group (TG; n = 16) or a non-training group (NTG; n = 17). All participants received oral iron supplementation (ferrous sulfate, 494.5 mg/day, administered as 247.25 mg twice daily), while the TG additionally completed an 8-week extremely low-volume HIIT program based on plyometric exercises. Hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin concentrations were assessed, alongside muscle endurance, reaction time performance, and postural control. Muscle endurance was evaluated using the Killy test, reaction time performance using an online simple reaction time test, and postural control using a stabilometric platform under bipodal and semi-tandem stance conditions. Postural assessments were conducted with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) on firm and foam surfaces. All outcomes were measured at baseline and 72 h after the final intervention session. RESULTS: After the 8-week intervention, this study demonstrated significant improvements across both groups, irrespective of the intervention. However, TG showed significantly greater post-intervention improvements than NTG in Hb concentration (P = 0.042), muscle endurance (P < 0.001), and postural control. Superior postural control in TG was observed during a bipedal stance on a foam surface (EO: P = 0.001); EC: P = 0.035), as well as during semi-tandem stance on a firm surface (EO: P = 0.015; EC: P = 0.040) and on a foam surface (EO: P = 0.019; EC: P = 0.003), compared to the NTG. With a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold for multiple comparisons (α = 0.00625), between-group differences in postural control remained significant for bipedal foam EO (P = 0.001) and semi-tandem foam EC (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that women with IDA improved their postural performance regardless of the intervention used. However, an 8-week program of extremely low-volume HIIT combined with plyometric exercises and iron supplementation had a more beneficial effect compared to traditional iron therapy. These greater improvements in postural control occurred alongside greater improvements in the Hb concentration and muscle endurance in the TG compared to the NTG.