在超重或肥胖成人中，抗生素使用可调节肠道微生物组和耐药组，但随后摄入2'-岩藻糖基乳糖则无此作用。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
抗生素被广泛用于治疗细菌感染，然而过度使用和误用会导致肠道微生物群紊乱以及抗生素耐药细菌的传播。抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的存在可能是抗生素应答的一个决定因素。补充益生元可能限制抗生素对微生物群的不利影响，但这是否会导致肠道耐药基因组发生变化尚不清楚。本研究调查了18名超重/肥胖成人在使用万古霉素七天之后补充八周2'-岩藻糖基乳糖（2'-FL）的影响，这些受试者是一项双盲安慰剂对照随机干预研究的子集。采用全宏基因组鸟枪法测序对基线、使用万古霉素后以及补充后的肠道微生物群和耐药基因组进行表征。七天万古霉素使用破坏了微生物丰富度和多样性（p < 0.001），并改变了微生物组成。与安慰剂相比，八周2'-FL补充后未检测到微生物恢复的改善。万古霉素使用未影响耐药基因组的丰富度和多样性，尽管特定ARGs的存在发生了变化。未检测到2'-FL补充对耐药基因组丰富度、多样性和组成的差异性影响。虽然万古霉素使用破坏了肠道微生物群并影响了耐药基因组，但2'-FL补充的可检测效果有限。未来研究应更详细地探究抗生素和益生元引起的肠道耐药基因组变化。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
Antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial infections, yet overuse and misuse causes disruption of the gut microbiome and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could be a determinant of the response to antibiotics. Supplementation with prebiotics may limit the detrimental antibiotic-induced effects on the microbiome, but whether this results in changes in the gut resistome is unclear. This study investigated the impact of eight-week 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) supplementation after seven-day vancomycin use in 18 adults with overweight/obesity, a subset from a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized intervention. Whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiome and resistome at baseline, after vancomycin use and after supplementation. Seven-day vancomycin use disrupted microbial richness and diversity (p < 0.001) and changed microbial composition. No improvements in microbial recovery were detected after eight week 2'-FL supplementation compared to placebo. Resistome richness and diversity were not affected by vancomycin use, although the presence of specific ARGs changed. No differential impact of 2'-FL supplementation on resistome richness, diversity and composition was detected. While vancomycin use disrupted the gut microbiome and affected the resistome, the detectable effects of 2'-FL supplementation were limited. Future research should investigate antibiotic- and prebiotic-induced changes in the gut resistome in more detail.