基于远程药学的移动医疗用于糖尿病护理：模式、益处与障碍——一项范围综述。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
背景：糖尿病（DM）需要持续照护以预防并发症。通过移动健康（mHealth）应用程序提供的远程药学服务是一种潜在解决方案，尤其在资源有限的环境中。然而，药师在此类应用程序中的角色尚未得到全面梳理。 目的：本范围综述旨在：（1）梳理用于糖尿病照护的基于远程药学服务的mHealth应用程序的现有模式，（2）描述药师在这些模式中的角色和职能，（3）综合已报道的与其实施相关的获益和障碍。 方法：本综述遵循Arksey & O'Malley框架和PRISMA-ScR指南。我们检索了PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science，检索时间自建库至2026年5月20日。若研究涉及药师、使用移动应用程序开展远程药学服务，并以任何类型糖尿病为对象，则符合纳入标准。数据提取涵盖研究特征、药师角色、应用程序功能、获益和障碍。 结果：在227条记录中，6项研究（632例患者）符合纳入标准。研究在马来西亚、中国、日本、巴基斯坦、泰国和印度尼西亚开展，涵盖1型、2型、老年2型及妊娠期糖尿病。药师角色包括数字教练、教育促进者、临床顾问和治疗监测者。关键应用程序功能包括电子病历、咨询仪表盘、依从性和生活质量评估、用药提醒及生活方式监测。已报道的获益包括血糖控制改善（HbA1c降低 依从率高达0.79%）、血压、用药依从性和生活质量（报告处p < 0.05）。障碍包括数字素养低、技术问题（数据同步）、长期动机减退和经济限制（订阅费用）。 结论：有药师积极参与的基于远程药学的移动健康应用程序可能有助于改善糖尿病的综合管理。然而，目前证据有限。未来的应用应优先考虑以用户为中心的设计、可持续的参与策略和支持性政策框架。 临床试验编号：不适用。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) requires continuous care to prevent complications. Telepharmacy delivered via mobile health (mHealth) applications offers a potential solution, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, the roles of pharmacists within such applications have not been comprehensively mapped. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to: (1) map existing models of telepharmacy-based mHealth applications for diabetes care, (2) describe the roles and functions of pharmacists within these models, and (3) synthesise the reported benefits and barriers associated with their implementation. METHODS: The review followed the Arksey & O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 20 May 2026. Studies were eligible if they involved pharmacists, used a mobile application for telepharmacy, and targeted any type of diabetes. Data extraction covered study characteristics, pharmacist roles, application features, benefits, and barriers. RESULTS: Of 227 records, 6 studies (632 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in Malaysia, China, Japan, Pakistan, Thailand, and Indonesia covering type 1, type 2, elderly type 2, and gestational diabetes. Pharmacist roles included digital coach, educational facilitator, clinical consultant, and therapy monitor. Key application features comprised electronic medical records, counselling dashboards, adherence and quality of life assessments, medication reminders, and lifestyle monitoring. Reported benefits included improved glycaemic control (HbA1c reduction up to 0.79%), blood pressure, medication adherence, and quality of life (p < 0.05 where reported). Barriers included low digital literacy, technical issues (data synchronisation), waning long-term motivation, and economic constraints (subscription costs). CONCLUSION: Telepharmacy-based mHealth applications with active pharmacist involvement may contribute to improving comprehensive diabetes management. However, evidence is currently limited. Future applications should prioritise user-centred design, sustainable engagement strategies, and supportive policy frameworks. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.