富含植物甾醇的玉米和小麦胚芽调和油通过AMPK/PPARα/CPT1通路改善高脂血症中的脂质代谢。
完整摘要 · 中文译文
背景：虽然已知富含植物甾醇的油类可改善血脂谱，但富含植物甾醇的玉米和小麦胚芽调和油（PCWGO）的作用及机制仍不清楚。 目的：本研究评估PCWGO对边缘性血脂异常个体和高脂血症大鼠的调脂作用，并探讨其潜在机制。 方法：开展了一项随机、单盲、平行对照试验，60名成年人被分配接受PCWGO或花生油（PO）干预3个月。测定血清血脂和氧化应激标志物。同时，高脂饮食诱导的高脂血症大鼠接受PCWGO或PO干预8周，随后评估血脂水平、肝脏组织学及AMPK/PPARα/CPT1通路蛋白。 结果：在人体试验中，PCWGO组显示血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和载脂蛋白B（Apo B）显著降低，同时超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和总抗氧化能力（TAOC）升高，活性氧（ROS）降低（P < 0.05）。在高脂血症大鼠中，PCWGO同样在八周后降低了血清TC、TG和LDL-C（P < 0.05）。蛋白质印迹分析显示，与PO组相比，PCWGO组肝脏中磷酸化AMP活化蛋白激酶（p-AMPK）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（PPARα）和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1（CPT1）的表达上调（P < 0.05）。 结论：PCWGO在人体和动物模型中均有效改善了脂质代谢，并可能具有有益的效 对氧化状态的影响。其降血脂作用可能与激活AMPK/PPARα/CPT1通路、促进脂肪酸β-氧化有关。这些发现支持富含植物甾醇的调和胚芽油作为管理血脂异常的一种潜在饮食策略。
完整摘要 · 英文原文
BACKGROUND: While plant sterol-enriched oils are known to improve lipid profiles, the effects and mechanisms of phytosterol-enriched corn and wheat germ blended oil (PCWGO) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the lipid-regulating effects of PCWGO in individuals with borderline dyslipidemia and hyperlipidemic rats, and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial was conducted in 60 adults assigned to PCWGO or peanut oil (PO) for 3 months. Serum lipids and oxidative stress markers were measured. In parallel, high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats received PCWGO or PO for 8 weeks, followed by assessment of lipid levels, liver histology, and AMPK/PPARα/CPT1 pathway proteins. RESULTS: In the human trial, the PCWGO group showed significant reductions in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), along with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P < 0.05). In hyperlipidemic rats, PCWGO similarly reduced serum TC, TG, and LDL-C after eight weeks (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed upregulated hepatic expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) in the PCWGO group versus the PO group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PCWGO effectively improved lipid metabolism in both humans and animal models and may have beneficial effects on oxidative status. Its hypolipidemic effects may be related to activation of the AMPK/PPARα/CPT1 pathway, promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. These findings support phytosterol-enriched blended germ oil as a potential dietary strategy for managing dyslipidemia.